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Список вопросов базы знанийАнглийский язык. Бизнес курсВопрос id:1499054 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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I have prepared a detailed cash-flow forecast | will total Ј25,000 | My start-up costs | and which shows who owns it | This assumes a bank loan of Ј15,000 over five years | for the first year of operation, and this shows that the break-even point is reached after twenty-two months | A document which represents a part of the total stock value of a company | at an annual percentage rate of 18.5t, with interest-only repayments during the first six months |
Вопрос id:1499055 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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A formal description of | a named person has paid for protection against accidental loss or damage of goods or property | A formal agreement to provide | a company’s financial position at a specified moment | A document which states that | goods or services |
Вопрос id:1499056 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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I am therefore seeking a bank loan | to make money, showing possible income and expenditure | A formal letter with an offer to supply goods or services, containing | that it will lend money to a customer | An official notification from a bank | of Ј15,000. I can offer the truck (estimated value Ј20,000) as security | A description of the ways a new business hopes | a description of the project, including costs, materials, personnel, time plans, etc |
Вопрос id:1499057 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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It renews our vision and strategic focus: | adding value to our target market segments, the small business and high-end home office users, in our local market | AMT is a 10-year-old computer reseller with sales of $7 million per year, | position in the local market, but has been having trouble maintaining healthy financials | It has a good reputation, excellent people, and a steady | declining margins, and market pressure | By focusing on its strengths, its key customers, and the underlying values they need | American Management Technology will increase sales to more than $10 million in three years, while also improving the gross margin on sales and cash management and working capital |
Вопрос id:1499058 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Dudley, our attorney, and Paul Karots, our | public relations consultant | The largest of these (in percent of ownership) are Frank | investors and two past employees | There are six part owners, including four | by its founder and president, Ralph Jones | AMT is a privately-held corporation owned in majority | Dudley, our attorney, and Paul Karots, our public relations consultant |
Вопрос id:1499059 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Neither owns more than 15%, but | both are active participants in management decisions | Although the chart titled Past Financial Performance | include other indicators of some concern | AMT has been caught in the vise grip of margin | squeezes that have affected computer resellers worldwide | The more detailed numbers in Table below | shows that we have had healthy growth in sales it also shows declining gross margin and declining profits |
Вопрос id:1499060 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The margin squeeze is happening | declining steadily, as we see in the chart | All of these concerns are part of the general | throughout the computer industry worldwide | Inventory turnover | trend affecting computer resellers | The gross margin % has been | is getting steadily worse |
Вопрос id:1499061 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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We have one location – a 7,000 square foot store in a suburban shopping center | conveniently close to the downtown area. It includes a training area, service department, offices, and showroom area | We sell the assurance | to small business people to know that their business will not suffer an information technology disaster | AMT sells personal computer technology for small business | including personal computer hardware, peripherals, networks, software, support, service, and training | Ultimately, we are | really selling information technology |
Вопрос id:1499062 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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They are both competing | offering services and that buyers didn’t care, instead preferring lower prices | They say they tried | in the downtown area | When asked, the owners | will complain that margins are squeezed by the chains and customers buy on price only | Store 4 and Store 5 are both | against the chains in an attempt to match prices |
Вопрос id:1499063 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Nationally, there are approximately | also that they didn’t differentiate from the chains | The home offices in Tintown are an important | growing market segment | We think the problem is also that they didn’t really offer good service, and | is based on an analysis published four months ago in the local newspaper | Our estimate in this plan for the home offices in our market service area | 30 million home offices, and the number is growing at 10% per year |
Вопрос id:1499064 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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There are also part-time home offices with people who are employed during the day but work at home at night, people who work | several types | The most important, for our plan’s focus, are | services such as graphic artists, writers, and consultants, some accountants and the occasional lawyer, doctor, or dentist | Home offices include | at home to provide themselves with a part-time income, or people who maintain home offices relating to their hobbies; we will not be focusing on this segment | These are likely to be professional | the home offices that are the only offices of real businesses |
Вопрос id:1499065 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The 30-employee cutoff | companies, and we shouldn’t be giving up leads when we get them | We find that the larger companies turn to other vendors, but we can sell to departments of larger | from the box pushers | We must differentiate ourselves | industrial location outside of someone’s home, and fewer than 30 employees. We estimate 45,000 such businesses in our market area | Small business within our market includes virtually any business with a retail, office, professional, or | is arbitrary |
Вопрос id:1499066 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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We need to establish our business offering as a clear and viable | alternative for our target market, to the price-only kind of buying | Build long-term relationships with clients, not single-transaction | deals with customers. Become their computer department, not just a vendor. Make them understand the value of the relationship | We need to focus our offerings on small business as the key | market segment we should own | This means the 5-20 unit system, tied together in a local area | network, in a company with 5-50 employees. Our values – training, installation, service, support, knowledge – are more cleanly differentiated in this segment |
Вопрос id:1499067 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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We must charge appropriately for | we pay to assure good service and support must be balanced by the revenue we charge | We do not want to compete for the buyers who go to the chain stores or mail order, but we definitely want | to be able to sell individual systems to the smart home office buyers who want a reliable, full-service vendor | Our revenue structure has to match our cost structure, so the salaries | the high-end, high-quality service and support we offer | As a corollary, the high end of the home | office market is also appropriate |
Вопрос id:1499068 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Despite the logic behind this, the market | on a note due in five years but amortized over 15 years | The market can’t bear the higher | prices and the buyer feels ill-used when they see the same product priced lower at the chains | Elsewares is seeking a $300,000.00 financial package based | doesn’t support this concept | We cannot build the service and support | revenue into the price of products |
Вопрос id:1499069 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The note will be personally | record which will enable the company to seek alternate financing for the balance | Whatever profits remain after the above debt payments will be used | out of the business until the long term debt has been satisfied | By amortizing the note over fifteen years, the company will be afforded the opportunity to establish a healthy track | to finance growth, mainly through the acquisition of additional inventory | It should be noted that the owners of Elsewares do not intend to take any profits | guaranteed by the Greenbaums’ assets |
Вопрос id:1499070 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The most important indicator in our case | capital situation is chronically tight | We do not want to let our average collection days | times to avoid a negative impact on our cost of goods sold and on our cash flow | This could cause a serious problem with cash flow, because our working | is inventory turnover | We have to make sure that our inventory of drawstring bags and any other packaging products turns over a minimum of five | get above 45 under any circumstances |
Вопрос id:1499071 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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In extreme cases, prepayment of orders | distributors depending on their payment history | We must maintain gross margins of 90 percent at the least, and | hold marketing costs to no more than 20 percent of sales | We will rely heavily on our subscription to the ASI Credit | may be the only extendible terms | It may be necessary to implement a variety of payment terms with different | Service for this valuable pre-sale information |
Вопрос id:1499072 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Mrs. Greenbaum ran the financial department for a start up retail operation whose | department of an ASI listed advertising specialties supplier | Elsewares is organized into three main functional areas: product | married and the mother of one child | She has also spent the last year and a half heading up the sales | sales rose to just under one million dollars in seven years | Mrs. Greenbaum holds a B.A. from U.C.L.A., is | sourcing, sales & marketing; production & shipping; and finance & administration |
Вопрос id:1499073 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Mr. Rosenbaum is married | and the father of two children | Over the years, Mr. Rosenbaum has been hired by both suppliers and distributors who are either starting a new company as we are or who are attempting | to penetrate the advertising specialties market with products they are already distributing to other markets | Marvin Rosenbaum: Consultant. Mr. Rosenbaum has been associated with the Advertising Specialties industry | and has maintained extensive business contacts with many of the industry leaders | Mr. Rosenbaum has been responsible for the successful entry of many companies into this industry | for just under 25 years and hold the credentials of a C.A.S. or Certified Advertising Specialist |
Вопрос id:1499074 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Until increases in sales can support additional salaries, Edie Greenbaum | will oversee the operations of Elsewares in an unsalaried position | Mrs. Greenbaum will be responsible for the day to day operations | the labor burden on the companies operating expenses | Pursuant to that goal, the initial payroll | including personnel company policies, and overseeing the sales & marketing and marketing departments | The cornerstone of the personnel plan is to maximize production and minimize | will consist of the following disbursements |
Вопрос id:1499075 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Mr. Rosenbaum will also oversee the network of commissioned based sales reps | that will call on distributors in their preassigned territories | The sales & marketing department will be headed by Marvin Rosenbaum who has been | also be responsible for calling on distributors as directed by Mr. Rosenbaum | The sales department will be supplemented by Edie Greenbaum who will | contacts with distributors with whom he has had a previous business relationship | Mr. Rosenbaum will be responsible for initiating new leads with the ASI distributor network and for re-establishing existing | hired as an independent consultant at a per diem of $200 |
Вопрос id:1499076 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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At a salary of $36,000 per year, Mr. Greenbaum will be responsible for running the customer | of this department into two positions at approximately the fourteenth month of business | We are projecting the division | and is expected to play an important role in sourcing new products | Until increases in sales justify the additional staffing of this | department, Mr. Greenbaum will be responsible for assorted secretarial duties in addition to the previously mentioned duties | Additionally, Mr. Greenbaum will be responsible for running the company’s computer operations | service department which will include handling phone orders and catalogue requests |
Вопрос id:1499077 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Mr. Greenbaum will then shift his duties to marketing & sourcing and a new employee will take over the customer | service department and its related duties | A full time production person will | labor requirements | We have budgeted | run the imprinting department while a second person will be hired to handle both shipping and receiving | Elsewares will rely on part time help for its imprinting, warehousing & shipping | $500 per week to that end. Naturally, as the need arises, this all encompassing areas will be split into two departments. |
Вопрос id:1499078 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Most of the specific tax rates and provisions applied in the first half of the 1980s. By far the most important taxes for investment decision-making are personal | and corporate income taxes | We are projecting the need for this additional labor burden at approximately | the eleventh month of business | A well-worn saying holds that nothing is certain but death and taxes. Unhappily, governments arc often responsible | many more firms are organised as partnerships or single proprietorships. Legally, a corporation is regarded as a separate entity, while partnerships are considered as extensions of their owners. | In the US and most other countries, the corporate form of organisation is the most important in terms of dollar value of assets owned, although | for the former, and they are virtually always the source of the latter. Since the United States is the world’s largest capital market, we will focus on taxes levied on US citizens and corporations. |
Вопрос id:1499079 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The corporate income tax | is relatively simple in one respect. There are usually only a few basic rates | For example, in 1983 there was a tax rate of 15 per cent applicable on the first $25,000 of taxable income, a rate | it is received as dividends by holders of the firm’s securities, via personal income tax | Income earned through proprietorships and partnerships is taxed primarily through the personal tax levied on their owners. Income earned by a corporation may be taxed twice - once when it is earned via corporate income tax and again when | 1 above – the top line shows the marginal rate, the bottom line shows the average tax rate | The result is shown in Chart | of 18 per cent applicable to the next $25,000, a rate of 30 per cent applicable to the next $25,000,40 per cent to the next $25,000 and finally a rate of 46 per cent applicable to all income over $ 100,000 |
Вопрос id:1499080 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The most dramatic instance of this difficulty concerns depreciation of assets. If | the higher marginal rate | The marginal rate is more relevant for most decisions. For example, | marginal rate (46 per cent) | As the figure shows, the larger a corporation’s taxable income, the closer its average tax rate comes to | a corporation buys a computer for $ 1 million, it is entitled to eventually charge off this cost as a deductible expense when computing taxable income | Overall such corporations pay taxes equal to virtually the largest | if a corporation were considering an investment that would increase its income from $65,000 to $70,000 each year, the increase in income would be (1 - 0.3) X $5,000 |
Вопрос id:1499081 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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For the purposes of | minus expenses. The problems arise in measuring these two elements | On 46 per cent rate, this represents an eventual tax saving of $460,000. The sooner the cost can be written off, | fifteen-year property | Automobiles and research equipment are considered three-year property, most business equipment is considered five-year property, buildings are usually considered | the greater the benefit to the company | For tax purposes, corporate income is defined as revenue | reporting corporate income to the IRS, assets are grouped into four broad classes |
Вопрос id:1499082 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The question concerns the relevant cost of the 110 boats that were sold and of the 90 that remain. The firm may have sold all the ‘old’ boats first, or all the ‘new’ boats, or | with the measurement of corporate income concerns the cost of inventory sold during the year. This arises when prices are changing fairly rapidly and a company holds inventory for long periods | During the year he takes delivery of 100 more but must pay $11,000 each, ending with 90 in stock. The boats are sold | for $15,000 each | Another vexing problem associated | a mixture of the two | To take a fairly simple case, imagine a retailer of sailboats. At the start of the year he has 100 in stock, all purchased | for $10,000 each |
Вопрос id:1499083 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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An accountant may assume any of the above combinations without regard to the actual | facts of the situation | This will lower taxes | in the present and raise them in the future | However, before 1970 many | in the present and less in the future | The impact of different inventory valuation methods is illustrated in Chart 2. When prices have been rising, the LIFO method will permit a corporation to charge more to cost | companies used the FIFO method, suggesting that in times of moderate inflation many managers were willing to sacrifice some real benefits to improve the appearance of their company’s financial statements |
Вопрос id:1499084 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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If a plan has been expressed in financial terms, we speak of a budget. Budgeting is the changing of operational plans (for example, for purchasing, production, research, or sales) into | the financial position the company will be in if all plans are executed. The possible financial results may be arranged as follows | The budget shows | financial results | The master budget is prepared from, and consolidates, budgets for separate sub-units of an organization (sales, production, distribution and finance) to give a single budget | for the whole organization | The projected balance | sheet, results budget, liquidity budget, and explanatory statements are together described as the master budget |
Вопрос id:1499085 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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A budget fulfils various functions: it is both a tool and a compass for management. By periodically comparing the budget plan with the actual results (‘feedback’) company processes | maximum possible extent | By trying out various scenarios, management | can ascertain what the consequences of changes in its policy will be. Good use can be made of computerized spread-sheet programs for this ‘ what-if analysis | The master budget is the keystone which demonstrates the overall position of the company if the plans are executed. If, on the basis of this projection, undesirable positions come | can be controlled | Finally, the management makes its choice from the policy options so that the objectives will be realized to the | to light, the management can readjust its policy |
Вопрос id:1499086 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The budgeting stages formally determine the internal cohesion and necessary harmonizing of company activities which may be functionally divided between various departments. In this sense, a budget | and feedback as to how well those goals are being met. Budgeting obliges the management to contemplate the future | A budget is also a means of | authorization. The staff member responsible for a section of the budget (‘un budget, c’est un monsieur’) is authorized to make expenditures to the extent given in the budget without the further consent of higher management | Control requires a set of goals (the budget) | is an important means of co-ordination |
Вопрос id:1499087 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Such a budget might be given to the head of the Production Department if he or she is not in a position to influence the prices of the materials | to be purchased | The employee or supervisor concerned is then only responsible for the amount of units in the budget, and not for | possible price fluctuations | Although the budget is typically | management is freed to direct its attention to the future. Intervention in the actual course of business is then only necessary if there are (significant) deviations in the actual results as compared to the plan | Thus, certain authority is delegated, and | a reflection of the financial results to be expected from the planned activities, quantity budgets which are only concerned with the number of units produced can also be included in the total budget system |
Вопрос id:1499088 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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However, the senior financial manager of a company may be held responsible for costs arising from changes in the general level of interest rates, to the extent that his or her strategic choices are to borrow long or short, to make a share issue, or | to cover risks on the futures market | A good rule of thumb | report on this function is concerned | Otherwise, the budget would cease to be an accountability standard. An employee will generally not be accountable for changes in uncontrollable variables | is to include in a budget only those elements which are controllable by the employee or manager concerned (controllability principle) | A quantity budget is also ultimately converted to financial consequences, so that it can be integrated into the master budget, but the price effect is eliminated so far as the performance | such as interest rates, inflation, and taxes |
Вопрос id:1499089 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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A recent survey of EU companies | for the end-result, be it profit or loss | Indeed, there are signs that a shortage of internationally-skilled people may be an important | and lead new international ventures | Companies are beginning to recognise that they do not have enough high-quality people for their international activities. They often have problems releasing experienced people from existing operations in order to resource | constraint on firms’ global ambitions | Similarly, at some levels and in some situations, wage levels are partially controllable by the personnel management. The most senior management is responsible for ‘the bottom line’, that is, they are accountable | reported that the proportion of managers with international experience ranges from about 1% in some UK companies to 80% in one Swiss company. In many firms, only 5-10% of managers are likely to have international experience |
Вопрос id:1499090 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Such experiences open people’s minds to the fact that things are done differently elsewhere and encourage them | resource is a demanding exercise. Should there be an elite group of managers given international experience as part of their grooming for top jobs. | Developing the international company’s management | to think in a wider context | If a company answers “yes” to | importantly, by working and living abroad | How can a company develop international managers with international skills and perspectives? The only way is through direct international experience either by participating in international task forces or, more | the last question, considerable resources and effort must be spent in preparing managers for international assignments |
Вопрос id:1499091 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The manager should be | a trend for large companies to think globally: producing goods or delivering services and selling them, all over the world | According to a recent survey, the top characteristics | self-reliant and have an open, non-judgemental personality.
Another important characteristic is strategic awareness: the manager should have a global view of his or her contribution at work | In other words, the manager should think “world” and not see work responsibilities and needs soley from the perspective of his or her own national background. An international manager must become quickly involved in | of an international manager include many soft skills, such as the ability to work in international teams, adaptability to new situations, sensitivity to different cultures (and awareness of own cultural background), and relational skills | Since the 1980s there has been | matters affecting several countries |
Вопрос id:1499092 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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For example, he or she must be sensitive to, and aware of, the market | all important parts of this process | I shall undertake deliveries for chilled food distributors, offering them a service on which they know they can rely at short notice and | transport business, with myself as sole proprietor.
Initially, I shall have one truck with a load capacity of 1.5 tonnes. It will be fitted with a mobile phone. | Language training, overseas visits, in-house management courses and general management training at business schools are | requirements of a wide range of countries right from the start | I wish to set up a refrigerated road | in case of emergency |
Вопрос id:1499093 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Their response | course at Cardiff Polytechnic | My fiancee will help me with administration, book-keeping and telephone enquiries. Her parents have offered us the use of a room in their house as an office, until | part-time drivers | I have made preliminary enquiries with a number of firms, which I contacted while following a marketing | we can find a small office to rent | I shall drive the truck myself and also employ | was very favourable |
Вопрос id:1499094 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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seeking a bank loan of Ј15,000. I can offer the truck (estimated value Ј20,000) | seeking a bank loan of Ј15,000 | I have prepared a detailed | as security | To finance this venture, I have Ј10,000 capital. My start-up costs will total Ј25,000. I am therefore | cash-flow forecast for the first year of operation, and this shows that the break-even point is reached after twenty-two months | This assumes a bank loan of Ј15,000 over five years at an annual percentage rate of 18.5t, with interest-only | repayments during the first six months |
Вопрос id:1499095 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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We need to concentrate on making sure our volume gives us negotiating strength. In accessories and add-ons | we can still get decent margins, 25% to 40%. | We must remain on top of the new technologies, because | this is our bread and butter. For networking, we need to provide better knowledge of cross platform technologies | In order to hold costs down as much | (and previously DOS) lines | We have for years supported both Windows and Macintosh technology for CPUs, although we’ve switched vendors many times for the Windows | as possible, we concentrate our purchasing with Hauser, which offers 30-day net terms and overnight shipping from the warehouse in Dayton |
Вопрос id:1499096 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The segmentation allows some | room for estimates and nonspecific definitions. We focus on a small-medium level of small business, and it is hard to find information to make an exact classification | Finally, although we have a good command of desktop publishing, we are concerned about getting better at the integration of technologies that creates fax, copier, printer, and voice mail as part of | related communications | Also, we are under pressure to improve our understanding of direct-connect internet and | the computer system | AMT focuses on local markets, small business and home office, with special focus on the high-end home office | and the 5-20 unit small business office |
Вопрос id:1499097 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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We say that our target market has 10-50 employees, and needs 5-20 workstations tied together in a local area | network; the definition is flexible | Our target companies are large enough to need the high-quality information technology management we offer, but too small to have a separate computer management | the owner’s paying real attention to the quality of information technology management, meaning that there is both budget and concerns that warrant working with our level of quality service and support | Defining the high-end home | staff such as an MIS department | The high-end home office business is a business, not a hobby. It generates enough money to merit | office is even more difficult. We generally know the characteristics of our target market, but we can’t find easy classifications that fit into available demographics |
Вопрос id:1499098 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Computer dealers: storefront computer resellers, usually less than 5,000 square | feet, often focused on a few main brands of hardware, usually offering only a minimum of software, and variable amounts of service and support | These are usually old-fashioned (1980s-style) computer stores and they usually offer relatively few reasons | for buyers to shop with them. Their service and support is not usually very good and their prices are usually higher than the larger stores | We can assume that we aren’t talking about home offices used only part-time by people who work elsewhere during the day, and that our target market home office wants to have powerful technology and a lot of | links between computing, telecommunications, and video | Chain stores and computer | superstores: these include major chains such as CompUSA, Computer City, Future Shop, etc. |
Вопрос id:1499099 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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They are almost always more than 10,000 square feet of space, usually offer decent walk-in service, and are often warehouse-like locations where people go to find | City, Incredible Universe, Babbages, Egghead, and others. They benefit from national advertising, economies of scale, volume buying, and a general trend toward name-brand loyalty for buying in the channels as well as for products | The national chains are a growing presence: CompUSA, Computer | products in boxes with very aggressive pricing, and little support | Mail order: the market is served increasingly | which people buy their computers, usually variations of the main three types above | Others: there are many other channels through | by mail order businesses that offer aggressive pricing of boxed product. For the purely price-driven buyer, who buys boxes and expects no service, these are very good options |
Вопрос id:1499100 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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They are under-capitalized and under-managed. Margins are squeezed as they compete against the chains, in a competition based | accustomed to buying from vendors who visit their offices | They expect the copy machine vendors, office products vendors, and office furniture vendors, as well as the local graphic artists, freelance | they liked computers | Small business buyers are | writers, or whomever, to visit their office to make their sales | Local computer stores are threatened. These tend to be small businesses, owned by people who started them because | on price more than on service and support |
Вопрос id:1499101 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Unfortunately our home office target | buyers may not expect to buy from us. Many of them turn immediately to the superstores (office equipment, office supplies, and electronics) and mail order to look for the best price | There is usually a lot of leakage in ad-hoc purchasing through local chain stores and mail order. Often the administrators try to discourage | the concept of service and support, and are much more likely to pay for it when the offering is clearly stated | There is no doubt that we compete much more against all the box pushers | than against other service providers | The small business buyers understand | this, but are only partially successful |
Вопрос id:1499102 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Accounts | equity | Short-term | assets | Debt and | receivable | Balance | sheet |
Вопрос id:1499103 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Short-term | notes | Accounts | capital | Other ST | liabilities | Paid in | payable |
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