Список вопросов базы знаний

Culture is the totality of learned, socially transmitted behaviour. It includes ideas, values and customs of groups of people. Members of a society learn this culture and transmit it___. They preserve their distinctive culture through literature, video recordings and other means of expression.

Emotional actions: In terms of effectual orientation especially emotional___ and state of feeling of the actors.

Material culture refers to the physical or technological aspects ___our daily lives including food items, houses, factories and raw materials.

Material culture refers to the physical or technological___ including food items, houses, factories and raw materials.

Material culture___ the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives including food items, houses, factories and raw materials.

Methods of sociology of management combine approaches not only of sociological research, but also campaigns of other sciences. ___can be divided into three basic groups.

Nonmaterial culture refers to ways___ using material objects and to customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments and patterns of communications.

Nonmaterial culture refers to ___material objects and to customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments and patterns of communications.

Nonmaterial culture refers ___ways of using material objects and to customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments and patterns of communications.

Nonmaterial culture ___material objects and to customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments and patterns of communications.

Object of sociology of management is the administrative processes___ in a society and considered here from the point of view of the system approach, as a set constantly co-operating and making influence on each other subsystems.

Rational Action: In terms of rational orientation to a system of discrete individual ends that is through expectations as to the behaviour of objects___ and of other human individuals making use of these expectations as conditions or means for the successful attainment of the actor’s own rationally chosen ends.

Subject of sociology of management is the evaluation, studying, perfection of managerial processes in various types of social societies, the social organizations, the social institutes, all society, each of which ___specific system of social interactions of people and their groups.

Subject of sociology of management is the evaluation, studying, perfection of managerial processes___, the social organizations, the social institutes, all society, each of which represents specific system of social interactions of people and their groups.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Newly emergent careers in many sort of action programs have developed in recent years like training programs, foreign aid programs and in Humanitarian Organizations like UN.

B) Sociologists are employed in small numbers by industry, trade, associations, labour unions, foundations and in fairly large numbers by research organizations in wide variety of positions very often in the administration and conduct of research.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) By concentrating on the reciprocal influence of social structure on social action, sociology free to analyze all forms of social interaction (from language and sexuality to religion and industry).

B) By concentrating on the reciprocal influence of social structure on social action, sociology is free analyze all forms of social interaction (from language and sexuality to religion and industry).

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Political sociology broadly conceive the study of power and domination in social relationships. It could thereby include analysis of the family, the mass media, universities, trade unions, and so on.

B) The gap between elements in the working class and the middle class is described as declining, and the political process is seen as transformed into a process of pragmatic bargaining over specific issues.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Scholarship in the sociology of culture ranges from highly general conceptual arguments closely observed empirical studies.

B) Scholarship in the sociology of culture ranges from highly general conceptual arguments to closely observed empirical studies.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) The basic difficulty in empirical studies of consensus and cleavage is the failure to articulate sample surveys with theoretical issues.

B) Political sociology broadly conceived is the study of power and domination in social relationships. It could thereby include analysis of the family, the mass media, universities, trade unions, and so on.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) The development of middle-class occupations has very different implications in the developing nations, in that it contribute to discontinuities in the social hierarchy and thereby increases the potentialities for political instability.

B) The basic difficulty in empirical studies of consensus and cleavage is the failure to articulate sample surveys with theoretical issues.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) The gap between elements in the working class and the middle class is described as declining, and the political process is seen as transformed into a process of pragmatic bargaining over specific issues.

B) National surveys base on a limited number of cases produce valid results for the society as a whole.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Weber provided the theoretical underpinning for modern sociology defined as the interpretative understanding of social action linked to a causal explanation of its course and consequences.

B) Political science became focused on the analysis of the machinery of government, the mechanisms of public administration and theories of governance. Sociology adopted a much broader definition of its subject matter.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Subject of sociology of management is the evaluation, studying, perfection of managerial processes in various types of social societies, the social organizations, the social institutes, all society, each of which represents specific system of social interactions of people and their groups.

B) Methods of sociology of management combine approaches not only sociological research, but also campaigns of other sciences.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) The male approach to business is competitive, direct and confrontational. The end justifies the means (the end justifies the means: it doesn’t matter what methods you use: success is the only important thing.).

B) The female method is collaborative, collective action and responsibility is more important than personal achievement.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Nonmaterial culture refers to ways of using material objects and to customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments and patterns of communications.

B) Material culture refers to the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives including food items, houses, factories and raw materials.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Subject of sociology of management is the evaluation, studying, perfection of managerial processes in various type of social societies, the social organizations, the social institutes, all society, each of which represents specific system of social interactions of people and their groups.

B) Which socio-psychological aspects of management are of great importance?

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) A student who become interested in a subject may wonder what possibilities it holds for a career.

B) A combination of courses which constitute an undergraduate minor or major in sociology is not in itself preparation for a professional career as a sociologist.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Another type of political situation obtains in those developing countries of ancient civilization which are attempting to modernize their societies after emancipation from foreign rule. The Middle Eastern states and North African states, the Asian states and Latin American states fall under this category.

B) Another type of political situation obtains in this developing countries of ancient civilization which are attempting to modernize their societies after emancipation from foreign rule. The Middle Eastern states and North African states, the Asian states and Latin American states fall under this category.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Bottomore has identified three types of political situation in the contemporary world: First there are tribal societies mainly in the African countries which are being modernized under western influence on the lines of western political institutions.

B) Bottomore has identified three type of political situations in the contemporary world: First there are tribal societies mainly in the African countries which are being modernized under western influence on the lines of western political institutions.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) In the professions like in medicine and law there is some scope for sociology as they give better perspective to the students.

B) Newly emergent careers in many sorts of action programs have developed in recent years like training programs, foreign aid programs and in Humanitarian Organizations like UN.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) In the third category are included industrially advanced countries of Europe, North America, and Australia etc. Here a distinction should made between two types of political systems – the democratic capitalist and communist countries.

B) The dictatorship of the party is equated with the dictatorship of the proletariat in a transitional (переходный; промежуточный) period during which the foundations of the ultimate class less society are being laid.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Social institutions in form of kinship (родство) system, patterns of families, class divisions and traditional outlook of the life do not favour smooth functioning of a modern political system.

B) In the third category are included industrially advanced countries of Europe, North America, and Australia etc. Here a distinction should be made between two types of political systems – the democratic capitalist and communist countries.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Social institutions in form of kinship (родство) system, patterns of families, class divisions and traditional outlook of the life do not favour smooth functioning of a modern political system.

B) The dictatorship of the party is equated with the dictatorship of the proletariat in a transitional (переходный; промежуточный) period during which the foundations of the ultimate class less society are being laid.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Sociologists are employed in small numbers by industry, trade, associations, labour unions, foundations and in fairly large numbers by research organizations in wide variety of positions very often in the administration and conduct of research.

B) In the professions like in medicine and law there is some scope for sociology as they give better perspective to the students.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Sociologists are employed in small numbers by industry, trade, associations, labour unions, foundations and in fairly large numbers research organizations in wide variety of positions very often in the administration and conduct of research.

B) Sociologists are employed in small numbers by industry, trade, associations, labour unions, foundations and in fairly large numbers by research organizations in wide variety of positions very often in the administration and conduct of research.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Teaching is the major career of many sociologists.

B) The basic question is whether science specifically sociology should be value-free.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) They feel that not only do sociologists have a duty say what society might do about problems of race conflict, population growth, birth control, drug addiction, divorce etc but the sociologists should say what society should do about such problems.

B) They feel that not only do sociologists have a duty to say what society might do about problems of race conflict, population growth, birth control, drug addiction, divorce etc but the sociologists should say what society should about such problems.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Undergraduate majors and minors are useful mainly as background preparation for other careers. In social work the better jobs demand a graduate degree in social work and a strong post graduate degree in social work/sociology is usually recommended.

B) Undergraduate majors and minors are useful mainly as background preparation for other career. In social work the better jobs demand a graduate degree in social work and a strong post graduate degree in social work/sociology is usually recommended.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) According to Pareto sociology tries study the logical and illogical aspects of actions.

B) Every social action has two aspects one its reality and other is its form.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Cultural system: Once the process of the social action develop the symbols and the signs acquire general meaning. They also develop as a result of systematized system and ultimately when different actors under a particular cultural system perform various social interactions, special situation develops.

B) Cultural system: Once the process of the social action develops the symbols and the signs acquire general meaning. They also develop as result of systematized system and ultimately when different actors under a particular cultural system perform various social interactions, special situation develops.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Culture is the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior. It includes ideas, values and customs of groups of people.

B) Culture is the totality of learned, socially transmitted behaviour. It include ideas, values and customs of groups of people.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) A crowd that may collect at a place does not necessarily indulge in the social action unless it starts behaving with one another.

B) Social action is not identical with the similar action, actions of many persons or action influenced by others.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) A social system consists of a purity of individual actor’s interacting with each other in a situation which has at least a physical or environmental aspect, actors are motivated in terms of tendency to the optimization of gratification and whose relations to the situation including each other are defined and motivated in terms of system of culturally structured and shaped symbols.

B) A social system consist of a purity of individual actor’s interacting with each other in a situation which has at least a physical or environmental aspect, actors are motivated in terms of tendency to the optimization of gratification and whose relations to the situation including each other are defined and motivated in terms of system of culturally structured and shaped symbols.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Culture is the symbolic-expressive dimension of social life. In common usage, the term “culture” can mean the cultivation associated with “civilized” habits of mind, the creative products associated with the arts, or the entire way of life associated with a group.

B) Culture is the symbolic-expressive dimension of social life. In common usage, the term “culture” can mean the cultivation associate with “civilized” habits of mind, the creative products associated with the arts, or the entire way of life associated with a group.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Every social system is confronted with 4 functional problem. These problems are those of pattern maintenance, integration, goal attainment and adaptation.

B) Every social system is confronted with 4 functional problems. These problems are those of pattern maintenance, integration, goal attainment and adaptation.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) In such positions the sociologist is working as applied scientist. He or she has been engaged to use scientific knowledge in pursuing certain values - a harmonious and efficient working force, an attractive public image of the industry or an effective community action programme.

B) In such positions the sociologist is working as an applied scientist. He or she has been engaged to use scientific knowledge in pursuing certain values - a harmonious and efficient working force, an attractive public image the industry or an effective community action programme.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) In the professions like in medicine and law there is some scope for sociology as they give better perspective to the students.

B) Secondary schools/colleges present some demand for sociology teachers.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Male behaviour can include forceful gestures for example banging a fist on the desk for effect. The female style does not usually include aggressive gestures.

B) Male behaviour can include forceful gestures for example banging a fist on the desk for effect. The female style do not usually include aggressive gestures.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Male body language tends be challenging.

B) Female body language tends towards self-protection. A stereotypical female pose is sitting cross-legged; the male sits with legs apart to give an impression that he is in control.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Many cultural universals are, in fact, adaptation to meet essential human needs, such as people's need for food, shelter and clothing.

B) Yet, the manner in which they are express will vary from culture to cultur.