Список вопросов базы знаний

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Societies vary in the way that power within the family is distributed.

B) If a society expect males to dominate in all family decision making, it is termed a patriarchy. Women hold low status in such societies.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) The political institutions became more elaborate, and the concepts of property rights took on growing importance.

B) In practice, capitalist systems vary in the degree to which private ownership and economic activity regulated by government.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) To know foreign languages is absolutely necessary for every educated person, for good specialists. Our country is transferring to a market economy.

B) Research and innovations should improve living, working conditions of our people. That why it is so important to be persistent in studies. English is a world language.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) A sect is a relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.

B) A cult is a generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) In viewing religion as a social institution sociologists stress following major functions of religion in modern society: integration, social control, and social support.

B) Religion can offer people social support.

Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?

A) Sociologists have recognize the critical importance of religion in human societies.

B) Researchers have come the conclusion that in modern history there is a society which truly has the matriarchal pattern of family organization.

On the macro scale, it can refer to the system of socioeconomic stratification (e.g., the class structure), social institutions, or, other patterned relations between large social groups. On the meso scale, it can refer to the structure of social network___ between individuals or organizations.

Social structure is a term used in the social sciences to refer___ patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant (определяющий фактор) of the actions of the individuals.

A citizen may___ his or her political position because of the newspaper editorial, an expert testimony, or a stirring speech at a rally by a political activist.

A company might procure a superior product and distribute it then at the price which is assigned to it, the company will soon go___ of business.

A family can be defined as a set of persons related by blood, marriage (or some agreed-upon relationship) or adoption who___ the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society.

A family in which relatives other than parents and children – such as grandparents, aunts and uncles – live in the same home is known as ___extended family.

Although the organization of the family can vary greatly, there are certain general principles concerning ___composition, descent patterns, residence patterns, and authority patterns.

Apparently there are certain minimum tasks that must be___ in all human groups.

At present, monarchs hold true governmental power in only___ few nations, such as Monaco. Most monarchs have little practical power and primarily serve ceremonial purposes.

By contrast, obedience is___ as compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure.

Conformity goes along ___one's peers – individuals of a person's own status, who have no special right to direct that person's behaviour.

Each society establishes a political system by which it___.

Each society must have a political system because politics___ who gets what, when and how.

Early in the twentieth century, Charles H. Cooley gave the name, primary groups, to those groups that he said are___ by intimate face-to-face association and those are fundamental in the development and continued adjustment of their members. He identified three basic primary groups, the family, the child's play group, and the neighbourhoods or community among adults.

Every culture and society has distinctive norms___ what is called appropriate behaviour.

For many sociologists the term social system is not by any means restricted to___ situations where there is binding normative regulation; but in order to qualify as social system it must involve a common focus, or set of foci, or orientations and a shared mode of communication among a majority of actors.

However, this is but one type of family, what sociologists refer to as a nuclear family upon ___larger family groups are built. But only a certain part of households will fit this model.

If all groups are important to their members and to society, some groups are more important ___others.

In human society the family has traditionally been viewed in very narrow terms – as a married couple and their unmarried children ___together.

In modern industrial societies ___are five basic types of government: monarchy, oligarchy, dictatorship, totalitarianism and democracy.

In organizations workers must cope ___a formal system of rules and regulations.

Laws, dress codes, bylaws___ organizations, course requirements and rules of sports and games all express social norms.

Lay persons are likely to use the term "institution" very loosely, for churches, hospitals, jails, and many___ things.

Norms also vary in the kinds of sanctions that are ___to violation of the norms.

Norms are the means ___which values are expressed in behaviour.

Obviously, the sociologist does not define institutions in the same way as___ the person on the street.

Only human ___are capable of elaborate symbolic communication and of structuring their behavior in terms of abstract preferences that we have called values.

Parsons’ second major interest has___ to make sociology more scientific and systematic, by developing abstract conceptions of the social system; one of this points being that even though Weber placed much emphasis upon normative factors as guiding action, there was in Weber's sociology no elaboration of a theoretically integrated total system of action.

People move frequently, often from one section of the country to another and they change from ___relationships and promoting widespread loneliness.

Perhaps the only way to avoid this ___have a careful accounting of the cost of each step in the production and distribution process.

Power relations can involve large organizations, small groups, or even people in___ intimate association.

Secondary groups, characterized by anonymous, impersonal, and instrumental relationships, have become much ___numerous.

Since Cooley wrote, over 65 years ago, life in the United States has become much more urban, complex, and impersonal, and the family play group and neighbourhood have become ___ (менее) dominant features of the social order.

Since norms derive from values, and since complex societies have multiple and conflicting value systems, it follows___ norms frequently are in conflict also.

Social control occurs on all levels of society. In the family we obey our parents. In peer groups we obey informal norms, such as dress codes, that ___the behaviour of members.

Social norms are rules developed by a group of people that specify how people must, should, may, should not, and must not ___in various situations.

Social norms cover almost every conceivable situation, and they vary from standards where almost complete conformity is demanded to those___ there is great freedom of choice.

Social norms grow out of social value and both serve___ human social behaviour from that of other species.

Sociologists commonly use this term in connection with those who___ legitimate power through elected or publicly acknowledged positions.

Sociologists often reserve the term "institution" to describe normative systems that operate in five basic areas of life, which may___ designated as the primary institutions.

Sociologists operating in terms of the functionalism society model___ the clearest explanation of the functions served by social institutions.

Techniques for social control can be viewed on both___ group and the society level.

The family as a social institution is___ in all cultures.

The significance of learning in behaviour varies from species to species and is closely___ to processes of communication.