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Список вопросов базы знанийАнгл. язык. Практический курс общего переводаВопрос id:541219 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The EU was created by the | Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. | As of 2002 the EU's members were Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, | Maastricht Treaty, which entered into force on November 1, 1993. | European Union is | an international organization comprising most western European countries and governing common economic, social, and security policies. |
Вопрос id:541220 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The EU represents one in a series of efforts | to integrate Europe since World War II. | The treaty was designed to enhance | European political and economic integration by creating a single currency, a unified foreign and security policy, and common citizenship rights and by advancing cooperation in the areas of immigration, asylum, and judicial affairs. | At the end of the war, | several western European countries sought closer economic, social, and political ties to achieve economic growth and military security and to promote a lasting reconciliation between France and Germany. |
Вопрос id:541221 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The ECSC created a free trade area for several | Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, and West Germany—signed the Treaty of Paris, which founded the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). | To manage the ECSC, the treaty established several supranational institutions: | a High Authority to administrate, a Council of Ministers to legislate, a Common Assembly to formulate policy, and a Court of Justice to interpret the treaty and to resolve related disputes. | To this end, in 1951 the leaders of six countries—Belgium, France, | key economic and military resources: coal, coke, steel, scrap, and iron ore. |
Вопрос id:541222 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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A series of further international treaties and treaty revisions | of goods, services, capital, and labour, the prohibition of most public policies or private agreements that inhibit market competition, a common agricultural policy (CAP), and a common external trade policy. | The EEC created a common market that featured the elimination of most barriers to the movement | organizations: the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), which was designed to facilitate cooperation in atomic energy development, research, and utilization; and the European Economic Community (EEC). | In 1957 the six ECSC members signed treaties that established two | based largely on this model led eventually to the creation of the EU. |
Вопрос id:541223 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The treaty establishing the EEC required | they traditionally had acted independently, such as international trade (i.e., trade with countries outside the EEC). | It also required that governments eliminate national regulations favouring domesticindustries and cooperate in areas in which | tariff and trade policy by abolishing all internal tariffs by July 1968. | In particular, it fundamentally reformed | member countries to eliminate or revise important national laws and regulations. |
Вопрос id:541224 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Significantly, the treaty's common market reforms | as a fundamental component of economic integration, the treaty also created the European Social Fund, which was designed to enhance job opportunities by facilitating workers' geographic and occupational mobility. | The treaty called for common rules | on anticompetitive and monopolistic behaviour and for common inland transportation and regulatory standards. | Recognizing social policy | did not extend to agriculture. |
Вопрос id:541225 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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To advise the Commission and the Council | of Ministers on a broad range of social and economic policies, the treaty created an Economic and Social Committee. | Like the ECSC, the EEC established four major governing institutions: | a commission, a ministerial council, an assembly, and a court. | The CAP, which was implemented in 1962 and which became the costliest and most controversial element of the EEC and later the EU, relied on state intervention to protect the living standards of farmers, | to promote agricultural self-sufficiency, and to ensure a reliable supply of products at reasonable prices. |
Вопрос id:541226 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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In 1965 members of the EEC signed the Brussels Treaty, | the three organizations into a common Council of Ministers. | It also combined the councils of | which merged the commissions of the EEC and Euratom and the High Authority of the ECSC into a single commission. | The EEC, Euratom, and the ECSC— | collectively referred to as the European Communities—later became the principal institutions of the EU. |
Вопрос id:541227 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The Commission (commonly referred to as the European Commission), which consists of a permanent civil service | which were later extended to five years. | The Commission is headed by a president, who is selected by the heads | directed by commissioners, has had three primary functions: to formulate community policies, to monitor compliance with community decisions, and to oversee the execution of community law. | Initially, commissioners were appointed by members to renewable four-year terms, | of state or government of the organization's members. |
Вопрос id:541228 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Established in 1974, the European Council meets | with the European Council, which consists of the leaders of all member countries. | The Commission has shared its agenda-setting role | which manage specific areas such as agriculture, competition, the environment, and regional policy. | In consultation with member governments, the president appoints the heads of the Directorate-Generals, | at least twice a year to define the long-term agenda for European political and economic integration. |
Вопрос id:541229 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The main decision-making institution of the EEC and the European Community ( | as governments send different representatives depending on the policy area under discussion. | All community legislation requires | the approval of the Council. | The composition of the Council changes frequently, | as the EEC was renamed later) and the EU has been the Council of Ministers, later officially renamed the Council of the European Union, which consists of ministerial representatives. |
Вопрос id:541230 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The president of the Council, whose | originally consisted of delegates from national parliaments. | The Common Assembly, renamed the European Parliament in1962, | office rotates every six months, manages the legislative agenda. | Beginning in 1979, members | were elected directly to five-year terms. |
Вопрос id:541231 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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For example, at the 1999 elections, | transnational party groups based on political ideology—e.g., the Party of European Socialists, the European People's | The size of member countries' delegations | Germany had 99 representatives and Luxembourg had 6. | The Parliament is organized into Party, the European Federation of Green Parties, and the European Liberal, Democrat and Reform Party. | varies depending on population. |
Вопрос id:541232 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Until 1987 the legislature served only as a consultative body, | though in 1970 it was given joint decision-making power (with the Council of Ministers) over community expenditures. | The European Court of Justice (ECJ) interprets community law, settles conflicts between the organization's institutions, | and determines whether members have fulfilled their treaty obligations. | Each member country selects one judge, | who serves a renewable six-year term. |
Вопрос id:541233 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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First, European law has “direct effect,” | which entered into force in 1987, created an additional court (the Court of First Instance) to assist with the community's increasing caseload. | The Single European Act (SEA), | two important legal doctrines. | The ECJ has established | which means that treaty provisions and legislation are directly binding on individual citizens, regardless of whether their governments have modified national laws accordingly. |
Вопрос id:541234 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Second, community law has “supremacy” | expanded both its membership and its scope. | Throughout the 1970s and '80s the EEC gradually | over national law in cases where the two conflict. | Because national courts eventually | accepted these legal doctrines, the ECJ has acquired a supranational legal authority. |
Вопрос id:541235 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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And in the early 1970s the European Political Cooperation (EPC; renamed the Common Foreign and Security Policy by the Maastricht Treaty), | generated pressure for common foreign and development policies. | The community's common external trade policy | Denmark, and Ireland were admitted, followed by Greece in 1981 and Portugal and Spain in 1986. | In 1973 the United Kingdom, | consisting of regular meetings of the foreign ministers of each country, was established to coordinate foreign policy. |
Вопрос id:541236 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Members also made several attempts to manage their exchange rates collectively, | the Convention, a development-assistance package and preferential-trade agreement with numerous African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries. | In the same year, members endorsed | resulting in the establishment of the European Monetary System in 1979. | In 1975 the European Regional Development Fund | was created to address regional economic disparities and to provide additional resources to Europe's most deprived areas. |
Вопрос id:541237 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Maasrtricht treaty, formally Treaty on European Union is an international agreement approved by the heads of government of the statesof the European Community (EC) in Maastricht, Netherlands, in December 1991, | Did it? | Ratified by all EC member states (voters in Denmark rejected the original treaty but later approved a slightly modified version), the treaty entered into force on November 1, 1993, | Didn’t it? | The treaty didn’t establish a European Union (EU), withEU citizenship granted to every person who wasa citizen of a member state. | Isn’t it? |
Вопрос id:541238 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The treaty didn’t providefor the introduction of a central banking system and a common currency (the euro), committed members to implementing common foreign andsecurity policies, and called for greater cooperation on various other issues, including the environment, policing, and social policy. | Did it? | European Community, formerly (until November 1, 1993) European Economic Community (EEC) , by name Common Market association was designed to integrate the economies of Europe. | Didn’t it? | EU citizenship enabled people to vote and run for office in local and European Parliament elections in the EU country in which they lived, regardless of their nationality. | Wasn’t it? |
Вопрос id:541239 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The EC is the principal component of the European Union (EU). | Isn’t it? | The EEC was created in 1957 by the Treaty of Rome, which was signed by Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, and West Germany. | Wasn’t it | The term also commonly refers to the “European Communities,” which comprise the EC, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). | Doesn’t it? |
Вопрос id:541240 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The former East Germany was admitted as part of reunified Germany in 1990. Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined in 1995. | wasn’t it? | The EEC was never designed to create a common market among its members through the elimination of most trade barriers and the establishment of a common external trade policy. - | Was it? | The United Kingdom, Denmark, and Ireland joined in 1973, followed by Greece in 1981 and Portugal and Spain in 1986. | Didn’t they? |
Вопрос id:541241 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The first reduction in EEC internal tariffs was implemented in January 1959, and by July 1968 all internal tariffs had been removed. | Wasn’t it? | The treaty also provided for a common agricultural policy, which was established in 1962 to protect EEC farmers from agricultural imports. | Didn’t it? | Between 1958 and 1968 trade among the EEC's members didn’t quadruple in value. | Did it? |
Вопрос id:541242 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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EEC governance didn’t require political cooperation among its members through formal supranational institutions. | Wasn’t it? | In particular, it was hoped that integration would promote a lasting reconciliation of France and Germany, thereby reducing the potential for war. | Did it? | Politically, the EEC aimed to reduce tensions in the aftermath of World War II. | Didn’t it? |
Вопрос id:541243 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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These institutions included the Commission, which formulated and administered EEC policies; the Council of Ministers, which enacted legislation; the European Parliament, originally a strictly consultative body whose members were delegates from national parliaments (later they would be directly elected), | Did they? | These institutions never include the Commission. | Didn’t it? | The European Court of Justice interpreted community law and arbitrated legal disputes. | Didn’t they? |
Вопрос id:541244 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The act also gave the EEC formal control of community policies on the environment, research and technology, education, health, consumer protection, and other areas. | Didn’t they? | By the Maastricht Treaty (formally known as the Treaty on European Union; 1991), which went into force on November 1, 1993, the European Economic Community was renamed the European Community and embedded into the EU. | Didn’t it? | Through the Single European Act, which entered into force in 1987, EEC members committed themselves to remove all remaining barriers to a common market by 1992. | Wasn’t it? |
Вопрос id:541245 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The EU was created by the Maastricht Treaty, which entered into force on November 1, 1993. | Isn’t it? | As of 2002 the EU's members were Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. | Wasn’t it? | European Union is an international organization comprising most western European countries and governing common economic, social, and security policies. | Weren’t they? |
Вопрос id:541246 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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At the end of the war, several western European countries sought closer economic, social, and political ties to achieve economic growth and military security and to promote a lasting reconciliation between France and Germany, | Didn’t they? | The treaty was designed to enhance European political and economic integration by creating a single currency, a unified foreign and security policy, and common citizenship rights and by advancing cooperation in the areas of immigration, asylum, and judicial affairs, | Wasn’t it? | The EU represents one in a series of efforts to integrate Europe since World War II, | Doesn’t it? |
Вопрос id:541247 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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In 1957 the six ECSC members didn’t signtreaties that established two organizations: the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), which was designed to facilitate cooperation in atomic energy development, research, and utilization; and the European Economic Community (EEC). | Didn’t they? | The EEC created a common market that featured the elimination of most barriers to the movement of goods, services, capital, and labour, the prohibition of most public policies or private agreements that inhibit market competition, a common agricultural policy (CAP), and a common external trade policy. | Didn’t it? | A series of further international treaties and treaty revisions based largely on this model led eventually to the creation of the EU, | Did they? |
Вопрос id:541248 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The treaty called for common rules on anticompetitive and monopolistic behaviour and for common inland transportation and regulatory standards. | Did it? | Significantly, the treaty's common market reforms did not extend to agriculture. | Did they? | Recognizing social policy as a fundamental component of economic integration, the treaty never created the European Social Fund, which was designed to enhance job opportunities by facilitating workers' geographic and occupational mobility. | Didn’t it? |
Вопрос id:541249 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The CAP, which was implemented in 1962 and which became the costliest and most controversial element of the EEC and later the EU, relied on state intervention to protect the living standards of farmers, to promote agricultural self-sufficiency, and to ensure a reliable supply of products at reasonable prices. | Didn’t it? | To advise the Commission and the Council of Ministers on a broad range of social and economic policies, the treaty creates an Economic and Social Committee. | Did it? | The EEC didn’t establish any major governing institutions. | Doesn’t it? |
Вопрос id:541250 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The Commission is headed by a president, who is selected by the heads of state or government of the organization's members. | Weren’t they? | Initially, commissioners were appointed by members to renewable four-year terms, which were later extended to five years. | Hasn’t it? | The Commission (commonly referred to as the European Commission), which consists of a permanent civil service directed by commissioners, has had three primary functions: to formulate community policies, to monitor compliance with community decisions, and to oversee the execution of community law. | Isn’t it? |
Вопрос id:541251 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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In consultation with member governments, the president appoints the heads of the Directorate-Generals, which manage specific areas such as agriculture, competition, the environment, and regional policy. | Didn’t it? | The Commission has shared its agenda-setting role with the European Council, which consists of the leaders of all membercountries. | Doesn’t it? | Established in 1974, the European Council met atleast twice a year to define the long-term agenda for European political and economic integration. | Hasn’t it? |
Вопрос id:541252 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The composition of the Council changes frequently, as governments send different representatives depending on the policy area under discussion. | Hasn’t it? | All community legislation never requires the approval of the Council. | Does it? | The main decision-making institution of the EEC and the European Community (as the EEC was renamed later) and the EU has been the Council of Ministers, later officially renamed the Council of the European Union, which consists of ministerial representatives. | Doesn’t it? |
Вопрос id:541253 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The president of the Council, whose office rotates every six months, manages the legislative agenda. | Doesn’t he? | Beginning in 1979, members were elected directly to five-year terms. | Weren’t they? | The Common Assembly, renamed the European Parliament in1962, originally consisted of delegates from national parliaments. | Didn’t it? |
Вопрос id:541254 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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For example, at the 1999 elections, Germany had 99 representatives and Luxembourg had 6. | Didn’t it? | The Parliament is organized into transnational party groups based on political ideology—e.g., the Party of European Socialists, the European People's Party, the European Federation of Green Parties, and the European Liberal, Democrat and Reform Party. | Doesn’t it? | The size of member countries' delegations varies depending on population. | Isn’t it? |
Вопрос id:541255 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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The European Court of Justice (ECJ) interprets community law, settles conflicts between the organization's institutions, and determines whether members have fulfilled their treaty obligations. | Did it? | Until 1987 the legislature didn’t serve only as a consultative body, though in 1970 it was given joint decision-making power (with the Council of Ministers) over community expenditures. | Didn’t it? | Each member country selected one judge, who served a renewable six-year term. | Doesn’t it? |
Вопрос id:541256 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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First, European law has “direct effect,” which means that treaty provisions and legislation are directly binding on individual citizens, regardless of whether their governments have modified national laws accordingly. | Didn’t it? | The Single European Act (SEA), which entered into force in 1987, created an additional court (the Court of First Instance) to assist with the community's increasing caseload. | Doesn’t it? | The ECJ has established two important legal doctrines. | Hasn’t it? |
Вопрос id:541257 Установите соответствие: | Левая часть | Правая часть |
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Since then members have revamped the organization several times in order to expand its policy-making powers and to revise its political structure. | Didn’t they? | These institutions never include the Commission. | Haven’t they? | The European Communities came into existence on July 1, 1967, with the merging of the EEC, the ECSC, and Euratom. | Did they? |
Вопрос id:541258 Верны ли соответствия?
А) faith – святой дух
В) faith - добродетель ?) А - нет, В - нет ?) А - нет, В - да ?) А - да, В - да ?) А - да, В - нет Вопрос id:541259 Верны ли соответствия?
А) allegiance – верность
В) allegiance - терпимость ?) А - нет, В - нет ?) А - да, В - да ?) А - нет, В - да ?) А - да, В - нет Вопрос id:541260 Верны ли соответствия?
А) bishop – епископ
В) bishop - приход ?) А - да, В - нет ?) А - нет, В - нет ?) А - да, В - да ?) А - нет, В - да Вопрос id:541261 Верны ли соответствия?
А) bliss – блаженство
В) bliss - счастье ?) А - нет, В - да ?) А - да, В - нет ?) А - да, В - да ?) А - нет, В - нет Вопрос id:541262 Верны ли соответствия?
А) caste – крепость
В) caste - замок ?) А - нет, В - нет ?) А - нет, В - да ?) А - да, В - нет ?) А - да, В - да Вопрос id:541263 Верны ли соответствия?
А) charity – милосердие
В) charity - благотворительность ?) А - нет, В - да ?) А - да, В - нет ?) А - да, В - да ?) А - нет, В - нет Вопрос id:541264 Верны ли соответствия?
А) covenant – договор
В) covenant - соглашение ?) А - да, В - нет ?) А - нет, В - да ?) А - да, В - да ?) А - нет, В - нет Вопрос id:541265 Верны ли соответствия?
А) denomination – вероисповедование
В) denomination - священник ?) А - нет, В - нет ?) А - нет, В - да ?) А - да, В - нет ?) А - да, В - да Вопрос id:541266 Верны ли соответствия?
А) disciple – ученик
В) disciple - сторонник ?) А - да, В - да ?) А - нет, В - нет ?) А - да, В - нет ?) А - нет, В - да Вопрос id:541267 Верны ли соответствия?
А) divine – божественный
В) divine - замечательный ?) А - нет, В - да ?) А - да, В - нет ?) А - нет, В - нет ?) А - да, В - да Вопрос id:541268 Верны ли соответствия?
А) follower – последователь
В) follower - ученик ?) А - да, В - да ?) А - нет, В - да ?) А - нет, В - нет ?) А - да, В - нет |