Список вопросов базы знаний

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: The best targets for such buyouts were companies with huge cash reserves that (to enable) the buyer to pay the interest on the debt, or companies with successful subsidiaries that could be sold to repay the principal, or companies in fields that are not sensitive to a recession, such as food and tobacco

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: The other followers merely (to imitate) the products of larger companies, but this is a dangerous strategy during recessions

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: The permanent threat of a takeover or a buyout is clearly a disincentive to long-term capital investment, as a company will (to lose) its investment if a raider tries to break it up as soon as its share price falls below expectations

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: The power of the trade unions in Britain was significantly (to curtail) by Government legislation, with the result that there is now less anxiety on the part of employers and Government over the strike threat

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: Then he (to create) a huge and liquid market of up to 300 billion dollars for ‘junk bonds’

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: They are vulnerable in a recession when, largely for psychological reasons, distributors, retailers and customers all (to prefer) to buy from big well-known suppliers

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: They, however, (to seem) to be largely an American phenomenon

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: Usually level negotiations were (to carry) out which set the pattern for pay and conditions throughout a particular industry

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: Usually, a market can also be (to expand) by stimulating more usage: for example, many households no longer have only one radio or cassette player, but perhaps one in each room, one in the car, plus a Walkman or two

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: We believe one way to do this is to try to find ways to (increase) the size of the entire market

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: Industrial relations are concerned with the relations between management and production workers and concentrate very largely upon the conditions of service, the (to work) environment and wages

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: Several solutions have been successfully (to apply) in practice

Put the verb in brackets in the right form:A further device to endeavour to solve industrial disputes, (to set up) under the auspices of the British government, is the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service, known as ACAS

Put the verb in brackets in the right form:It (to propose) that workers become actual shareholders in their companies, thus participating in the distribution of profits and having the power to vote at annual general meetings

Put the verb in brackets in the right form:It is considered that the fact of profit-sharing (to be) sufficient participation and incentive

Put the verb in brackets in the right form:It must be noted that no mention of pay (to have) been made in the range of matters subject to joint consultation

Put the verb in brackets in the right form:The first factor was greater direct intervention of Government into industrial negotiations through (to impose) pay policies and consequent legislation, and the second factor was the growth of the demand among trade unionists for comparable pay and conditions throughout the different plants of an organisation or throughout an industry

Put the verb in brackets in the right form:The Government is also now a large employer of direct labour which forces it to (be) a party to industrial relations negotiations

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: For many markets there (to be) a definite market leader: the firm with the largest market share

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: In that peroid the power of the trade unions to (grow) considerably and the influence of organized labour, as it is called, was evident in all issues concerning worker-management relations

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: Raiders (to be) able to borrow money, buy badly-managed, inefficient and underpriced corporations, and then restructure them, split them up, and resell them at a profit

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: Their supporters argue that the permanent threat of takeovers is a challenge to company managers and directors to (do) their jobs better, and that well-run businesses that are not undervalued are at little risk

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: There was little risk of making a loss with a buyout, as the debts (to incure) were guaranteed by the companies’ assets

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: The idea of a manager (to restructure) a company, laying off a large number of workers, and getting a huge pay rise (as frequently happens in Britain and the US), is unthinkable

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: The market could understand data concerning companies’ earnings, but it (to be) highly inefficient in valuing assets, including land, buildings and pension funds

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: The power (to hold) by a handful of skilled workers, for instance, to disrupt a whole manufacturing undertaking or local authority service, or to close down a whole industry, was a matter for great anxiety among employers and Government

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: The threat usually (to force) companies to put capital to productive use

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: Then they (to be) the concern exclusively of the trade unions and the employers’ organizations.

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: Today market leaders usually (to want) to increase their market share even further, or at least to protect their current market share

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: When a company is (to buy) by its existing managers, we talk of a management buyout or MBO

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: Because the trade union movement is historically directly linked in Britain with the Labour Party there has (to be) inevitably concern about the amount of influence and interference in Government that might occur

Put the verb in brackets in the right form:All this is because it was historically the custom in Britain for problems (to relate) to wages to be dealt with through collective bargaining

Put the verb in brackets in the right form:However, the basic pattern of procedure (to be) similar to joint consultation

Put the verb in brackets in the right form:It may be (to raise) with such committees from safety to discipline, from welfare to training

Put the verb in brackets in the right form:It formed the basis for separate negotiations between individual employers and union representatives, and the results of these negotiations were further (to modify) by agreements at local plant levels

Put the verb in brackets in the right form:This was, in very many industries, (to deal) with through joint industrial councils (JICs), supported by the Government, consisting of equal numbers of members from employers’ associations and relevant trade unions

Put the verb in brackets in the right form:To reduce disruption through industrial disputes it was historically the practice to (resort) to joint consultation

Put the verb in brackets in the right form:The attempts to (mediate) between the parties in dispute and is generally very successful

Put the verb in brackets in the right form:Two parties to collective bargaining are the trade unions on the employees’ side and the employers’ trade associations on the other, although there (can) be variations

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: In some markets there (to be) often also a distinct market challenger, with the second largest market share

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: The market leader is frequently able to (lead) other firms in the introduction of new products, in price changes, in the level or intensity of promotions, and so on

Put the verb in brackets in the right form: Workers are (to consider) to be at least as important as shareholders

Several legal requirements exist, including the submission of a Memorandum of Association and other ___ to the Registrar of Companies when the company is set up, and the publication of annual accounts

Shareholders ___ the owners of the company and elect the Board of Directors who control it

Some organizations have a hierarchical or pyramidal structure, ___ one person or a group of people at the top, and an increasing number of people below them at each successive level

Some people in the organization know what decisions they are able to make, who their superior (or boss) is (to whom they report), and who ___ immediate subordinates are (to whom they can give instructions)

Stakes can be transferred only with the ___. of other shareholders and cannot be offered for sale to the general public

Such companies do not usually .. very large since they must obtain capital for expansion either from the profits or by borrowing from a bank

The activities of most companies are too complicated ___ be organized in a single hierarchy

The best ___ of business organization is the sole trader or sole proprietor – one person who provides the capital (the money needed to start), has complete control of the business, keeps all the profit (or bears the loss), and has unlimited liability