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Список вопросов базы знанийАнглийский язык. Бизнес курс (курс 1)Вопрос id:1320079 Chose three possible answers: She left school at 16 to do a secretarial course, but she’s a very … young woman – she impressed me very much ?) intellectual ?) clever ?) smart ?) intelligent Вопрос id:1320080 Chose three possible answers: She speaks fluent French and her German is … good too ?) rather ?) pretty ?) cute ?) quite Вопрос id:1320081 Chose three possible answers: She’d be a real find and you should get in touch with her right … ?) here ?) now ?) up ?) away Вопрос id:1320082 Chose three possible answers: She’d be able to … work in London more or less right away ?) begin ?) commence ?) quit ?) start Вопрос id:1320083 Chose three possible answers: She’s 25, she’s married and has been working for Johnson Brothers, in Marketing since … school ?) finishing ?) quitting ?) accomplishing ?) graduating from Вопрос id:1320084 Chose three possible answers: She’s got an MA and it’s in … languages ?) slavic ?) modern ?) strange ?) old Вопрос id:1320085 Chose three possible answers: She’s … young, he’s only 21 and she’s a graduate of Edinburgh University ?) handsome ?) pretty ?) rather ?) quite Вопрос id:1320086 Chose three possible answers: So, I’ve just finished a very … day interviewing people for you ?) upsetting ?) frustrating ?) fruitful ?) depressing Вопрос id:1320087 Chose three possible answers: So, …of the people I’ve talked to today have been pretty hopeless ?) many ?) much ?) most ?) some Вопрос id:1320088 Chose three possible answers: The address is 214 Gower Road (that’s G-O-W-E-R), Swansea (S-W-A-N-S-E-A), SA2 4PJ. Her … number is 0792 98762 ?) telephone ?) phone ?) mobile phone ?) concentration camp Вопрос id:1320089 Chose three possible answers: The only … I have to tell you about is Miss Emma Harris (that’s E-M-M-A H-A-R-R-I-S) ?) lady ?) woman ?) man ?) person Вопрос id:1320090 Chose three possible answers: We’ve spent this morning interviewing four candidates and the best one is a Mrs. Sylvia Sabbatini (that’s S-Y-L-V-I-A S-A-B-B-A-T-I-N-I) ?) applicants ?) players ?) candidates ?) competitors Вопрос id:1320091 Chose three possible answers: It was taken over and she was made redundant … they decided to close her department ?) as ?) because ?) so ?) since Вопрос id:1320092 Chose three possible answers: She’s worked in marketing for a small light engineering … and she had just become their Export Marketing Manager when the firm was taken over and she was made redundant because they decided to close her department ?) enterprise ?) firm ?) office ?) company Вопрос id:1320093 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | Labour turnover declined by | fatter profits and happier shareholders | To slow its labour turnover, Marriott had to get a simple message accepted throughout its operating divisions: loyal, well motivated employees make customers happy and that, in turn, creates | to hire no fewer than 27,000 workers to fill 8,800 hourly-paid job slots | Hotel, shop and restaurant chains, which employ | thousands of people in low-paid, dead-end jobs, are discovering that high labour turnover rates resulting from the indiscriminate hiring of “cheap” workers can be extremely costly | In one year, it had | more than half; for full time sales assistants, it declined by about a third |
Вопрос id:1320094 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | Employees replied they wanted better training, better communications with their supervisors and, above all, wanted their bosses | more than half; for full time sales assistants, it declined by about a third | Labour turnover declined by | decided to spend more money on retaining employees in the hope of spending less on finding and training new ones | Marriott Corporation, a hotels and restaurants group, has also | to “make me feel like I make a difference” | In one year, it had | to hire no fewer than 27,000 workers to fill 8,800 hourly-paid job slots |
Вопрос id:1320095 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | In one year, it had | to recruit and keep better staff | Hotel, shop and restaurant chains, which employ | to hire no fewer than 27,000 workers to fill 8,800 hourly-paid job slots | Employees replied they wanted better training, better communications with their supervisors and, above all, wanted their bosses | thousands of people in low-paid, dead-end jobs, are discovering that high labour turnover rates resulting from the indiscriminate hiring of “cheap” workers can be extremely costly | Cole National, a Cleveland-based firm which owns Child World, Things Remembered and other speciality shops, declared a “war for people” in an effort | to “make me feel like I make a difference” |
Вопрос id:1320096 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | Hotel, shop and restaurant chains, which employ | thousands of people in low-paid, dead-end jobs, are discovering that high labour turnover rates resulting from the indiscriminate hiring of “cheap” workers can be extremely costly | Employees replied they wanted better training, better communications with their supervisors and, above all, wanted their bosses | to recruit and keep better staff | Cole National, a Cleveland-based firm which owns Child World, Things Remembered and other speciality shops, declared a “war for people” in an effort | to “make me feel like I make a difference” |
Вопрос id:1320097 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | Hotel, shop and restaurant chains, which employ | to hire no fewer than 27,000 workers to fill 8,800 hourly-paid job slots | Cole National, a Cleveland-based firm which owns Child World, Things Remembered and other speciality shops, declared a “war for people” in an effort | fatter profits and happier shareholders | In one year, it had | to recruit and keep better staff | To slow its labour turnover, Marriott had to get a simple message accepted throughout its operating divisions: loyal, well motivated employees make customers happy and that, in turn, creates | thousands of people in low-paid, dead-end jobs, are discovering that high labour turnover rates resulting from the indiscriminate hiring of “cheap” workers can be extremely costly |
Вопрос id:1320098 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | To slow its labour turnover, Marriott had to get a simple message accepted throughout its operating divisions: loyal, well motivated employees make customers happy and that, in turn, creates | to recruit and keep better staff | Cole National, a Cleveland-based firm which owns Child World, Things Remembered and other speciality shops, declared a “war for people” in an effort | in its employee-attitude surveys that only about 20% of its workers at Roy Rogers restaurants and about 30% of its workers at Marriott hotels regarded pay as their primary reason for working there | Such people form a surprisingly small, though apparently disruptive, part of the service-industry workforce. Marriott found | fatter profits and happier shareholders | Hotel, shop and restaurant chains, which employ | thousands of people in low-paid, dead-end jobs, are discovering that high labour turnover rates resulting from the indiscriminate hiring of “cheap” workers can be extremely costly |
Вопрос id:1320099 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | Improved training of middle | managers helped. So did a change in bonus arrangements | Cole National, a Cleveland-based firm which owns Child World, Things Remembered and other speciality shops, declared a “war for people” in an effort | fatter profits and happier shareholders | Many middle managers in service industries are more comfortable coping with demands for more money than with demands for increased recognition and | to recruit and keep better staff | To slow its labour turnover, Marriott had to get a simple message accepted throughout its operating divisions: loyal, well motivated employees make customers happy and that, in turn, creates | better communications |
Вопрос id:1320100 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | Many middle managers in service industries are more comfortable coping with demands for more money than with demands for increased recognition and | better communications | They will have to change their ways. Surveys say that when | pejoratively described as “pay first people” | Cole National, a Cleveland-based firm which owns Child World, Things Remembered and other speciality shops, declared a “war for people” in an effort | 13,000 employees in retail shops across America were asked to list in order the 18 reasons for working where they did, they ranked “good pay” third. In first place was “appreciation of work done”, with “respect for me as a person” second | At the same time, Marriott became more fussy about the people it recruited. It screened out job applicants motivated mainly by money: applicants which the company | to recruit and keep better staff |
Вопрос id:1320101 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | The first high-flyer schemes were introduced in the 1960s and now many | to recruit and keep better staff | Such people form a surprisingly small, though apparently disruptive, part of the service-industry workforce. Marriott found | pejoratively described as “pay first people” | At the same time, Marriott became more fussy about the people it recruited. It screened out job applicants motivated mainly by money: applicants which the company | in its employee-attitude surveys that only about 20% of its workers at Roy Rogers restaurants and about 30% of its workers at Marriott hotels regarded pay as their primary reason for working there | Cole National, a Cleveland-based firm which owns Child World, Things Remembered and other speciality shops, declared a “war for people” in an effort | sectors of commerce, industry and the civil service pick out their most promising younger managers as ‘high-flyers’ |
Вопрос id:1320102 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | Cole National, a Cleveland-based firm which owns Child World, Things Remembered and other speciality shops, declared a “war for people” in an effort | the normal steps in the promotion ladder | The first high-flyer schemes were introduced in the 1960s and now many | sectors of commerce, industry and the civil service pick out their most promising younger managers as ‘high-flyers’ | You find schemes of this kind mostly in large companies or groups of companies, where the fairly rigid career structure can only be broken by by-passing | to recruit and keep better staff | Many middle managers in service industries are more comfortable coping with demands for more money than with demands for increased recognition and | better communications |
Вопрос id:1320103 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | Many middle managers in service industries are more comfortable coping with demands for more money than with demands for increased recognition and | a top-level manager, if he or she joins them straight from university. Such people must obtain wide experience in different parts of the company and this can take up to 20 years | Cole National, a Cleveland-based firm which owns Child World, Things Remembered and other speciality shops, declared a “war for people” in an effort | better communications | They will have to change their ways. Surveys say that when | 13,000 employees in retail shops across America were asked to list in order the 18 reasons for working where they did, they ranked “good pay” third. In first place was “appreciation of work done”, with “respect for me as a person” second | It can take a company many years to develop | to recruit and keep better staff |
Вопрос id:1320104 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | It can take a company many years to develop | sectors of commerce, industry and the civil service pick out their most promising younger managers as ‘high-flyers’ | Cole National, a Cleveland-based firm which owns Child World, Things Remembered and other speciality shops, declared a “war for people” in an effort | to recruit and keep better staff | This means that someone who joins the firm from university | works for the company in different capacities, and is identified as a highflyer, can expect to reach top management at around the age of 40 | The first high-flyer schemes were introduced in the 1960s and now many | a top-level manager, if he or she joins them straight from university. Such people must obtain wide experience in different parts of the company and this can take up to 20 years |
Вопрос id:1320105 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | You find schemes of this kind mostly in large companies or groups of companies, where the fairly rigid career structure can only be broken by by-passing | the normal steps in the promotion ladder | This means that someone who joins the firm from university | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | It can take a company many years to develop | works for the company in different capacities, and is identified as a highflyer, can expect to reach top management at around the age of 40 | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | a top-level manager, if he or she joins them straight from university. Such people must obtain wide experience in different parts of the company and this can take up to 20 years |
Вопрос id:1320106 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | They don’t join the scheme until they are in their late 20s, by | a top-level manager, if he or she joins them straight from university. Such people must obtain wide experience in different parts of the company and this can take up to 20 years | You find schemes of this kind mostly in large companies or groups of companies, where the fairly rigid career structure can only be broken by by-passing | the normal steps in the promotion ladder | It can take a company many years to develop | which time they will have established themselves in their special field, they will have built up their professional reputation and they will have a record of high performance |
Вопрос id:1320107 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | While they’re on the scheme (and this lasts 5 to 10 years) their progress is supervised by a committee | of 15 senior managers | This means that someone who joins the firm from university | works for the company in different capacities, and is identified as a highflyer, can expect to reach top management at around the age of 40 | It can take a company many years to develop | a top-level manager, if he or she joins them straight from university. Such people must obtain wide experience in different parts of the company and this can take up to 20 years | You find schemes of this kind mostly in large companies or groups of companies, where the fairly rigid career structure can only be broken by by-passing | the normal steps in the promotion ladder |
Вопрос id:1320108 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | of 15 senior managers | You find schemes of this kind mostly in large companies or groups of companies, where the fairly rigid career structure can only be broken by by-passing | outside their own field – in finance, working in an overseas division, or experience in information technology | One of the main purposes of the scheme is to provide them with experience | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | While they’re on the scheme (and this lasts 5 to 10 years) their progress is supervised by a committee | the normal steps in the promotion ladder |
Вопрос id:1320109 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | drawbacks, according to Heather Stewart, a management consultant | But high-flyer schemes have their | which time they will have established themselves in their special field, they will have built up their professional reputation and they will have a record of high performance | They don’t join the scheme until they are in their late 20s, by | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | You find schemes of this kind mostly in large companies or groups of companies, where the fairly rigid career structure can only be broken by by-passing | the normal steps in the promotion ladder |
Вопрос id:1320110 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | While they’re on the scheme (and this lasts 5 to 10 years) their progress is supervised by a committee | may not be able to meet the challenges | One weakness is that you may be creating a management team who think and act in the same ways. That means, if your business changes, they | of 15 senior managers | They don’t join the scheme until they are in their late 20s, by | which time they will have established themselves in their special field, they will have built up their professional reputation and they will have a record of high performance |
Вопрос id:1320111 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | One of the main purposes of the scheme is to provide them with experience | may not be able to meet the challenges | As outsiders tend to be excluded as senior recruits, the company | outside their own field – in finance, working in an overseas division, or experience in information technology | One weakness is that you may be creating a management team who think and act in the same ways. That means, if your business changes, they | may be cutting itself off from a pool of talent which their competitors can draw on |
Вопрос id:1320112 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | One of the main purposes of the scheme is to provide them with experience | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | as experience and in-depth knowledge may be undervalued | But high-flyer schemes have their | drawbacks, according to Heather Stewart, a management consultant | Another problem is that late-starters are also excluded – not everyone is at their peak in their 20s and such qualities | outside their own field – in finance, working in an overseas division, or experience in information technology |
Вопрос id:1320113 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | One weakness is that you may be creating a management team who think and act in the same ways. That means, if your business changes, they | are forced to choose between career and family | Another problem is that late-starters are also excluded – not everyone is at their peak in their 20s and such qualities | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | Another weakness is that women are often excluded from high-flyer schemes, since schemes identify high-flyers at the very time when women are most likely to have children: they | as experience and in-depth knowledge may be undervalued | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | may not be able to meet the challenges |
Вопрос id:1320114 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | There have been | as experience and in-depth knowledge may be undervalued | Another problem is that late-starters are also excluded – not everyone is at their peak in their 20s and such qualities | companies, where high-flyer schemes seem to be particularly controversial and divisive | This is particularly noticeable in medium-sized | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | ... “various experiments” |
Вопрос id:1320115 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | Worst of all though is the resentment that | companies, where high-flyer schemes seem to be particularly controversial and divisive | This is particularly noticeable in medium-sized | decided to abandon job-hunting and got out my pen to scratch a living instead | I’m contemplating applying for my fifty-first job. It’s been a long time since I wasted stamp money this way. In fact, when I reached the fiftieth without success I | high-flyers create among other managers who aren’t chosen to be highflyers |
Вопрос id:1320116 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | high-flyers create among other managers who aren’t chosen to be highflyers | Worst of all though is the resentment that | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | Developing a sort of elite, a chosen few, within an organization is quite simply bad for company morale – it makes everyone else feel they are being undervalued and takes away their enthusiasm and | dedication – and clearly this is counter-productive |
Вопрос id:1320117 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | But there’s another wildly exciting job in the paper today, “salary Ј12,500–16,250 according | which means I won’t get the job | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | to age and experience” | Worst of all though is the resentment that | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | The good news is the pay, the bad news is that damning little phrase “according to age and experience” | high-flyers create among other managers who aren’t chosen to be highflyers |
Вопрос id:1320118 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | to age and experience” | I’m contemplating applying for my fifty-first job. It’s been a long time since I wasted stamp money this way. In fact, when I reached the fiftieth without success I | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | But there’s another wildly exciting job in the paper today, “salary Ј12,500–16,250 according | decided to abandon job-hunting and got out my pen to scratch a living instead |
Вопрос id:1320119 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | But there’s another wildly exciting job in the paper today, “salary Ј12,500–16,250 according | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | Journalist, temp, company director, wife and mother, market researcher, and now, at thirty-something, I’m trying to use my Cambridge | experience – I’ve led an incident-packed existence. Unfortunately it’s not all related to a single-strand career structure | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | degree in criminology | It’s not that I have more age than | to age and experience” |
Вопрос id:1320120 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | The good news is the pay, the bad news is that damning little phrase “according to age and experience” | which means I won’t get the job | It’s not that I have more age than | experience – I’ve led an incident-packed existence. Unfortunately it’s not all related to a single-strand career structure |
Вопрос id:1320121 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | Ageism is everywhere. It’s much more prevalent than sexism in the job market, or that’s how | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | it seems from where I’m standing. Even the BBC is a culprit | It’s not that I have more age than | can obtain a fresh 22-year-old graduate to train a lot cheaper than me. Yet I’m the ideal employee: stable, good-humoured, child-bearing behind me, looking for 25-plus years of steady pensionable employment | I’m a victim of the sliding pay-scale. Employers | experience – I’ve led an incident-packed existence. Unfortunately it’s not all related to a single-strand career structure |
Вопрос id:1320122 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | I’m a victim of the sliding pay-scale. Employers | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | can obtain a fresh 22-year-old graduate to train a lot cheaper than me. Yet I’m the ideal employee: stable, good-humoured, child-bearing behind me, looking for 25-plus years of steady pensionable employment | Journalist, temp, company director, wife and mother, market researcher, and now, at thirty-something, I’m trying to use my Cambridge | degree in criminology |
Вопрос id:1320123 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | BP is one of the largest multinational companies in the world. It employs 130,000 people. It has 260 managers involved in its own ‘individual development programme’ who | it seems from where I’m standing. Even the BBC is a culprit | Ageism is everywhere. It’s much more prevalent than sexism in the job market, or that’s how | can obtain a fresh 22-year-old graduate to train a lot cheaper than me. Yet I’m the ideal employee: stable, good-humoured, child-bearing behind me, looking for 25-plus years of steady pensionable employment | I’m a victim of the sliding pay-scale. Employers | will compete for 180 senior positions in the group |
Вопрос id:1320124 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | The public and private sectors are obsessed with attracting young high-flyers. Yet there are many | can obtain a fresh 22-year-old graduate to train a lot cheaper than me. Yet I’m the ideal employee: stable, good-humoured, child-bearing behind me, looking for 25-plus years of steady pensionable employment | I’m a victim of the sliding pay-scale. Employers | it seems from where I’m standing. Even the BBC is a culprit | Ageism is everywhere. It’s much more prevalent than sexism in the job market, or that’s how | professions that would benefit from the maturity and stability the older entrant can bring. This is recognized by the Probation Service, for example, who welcome experienced adults looking for a second career |
Вопрос id:1320125 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | Their appointments brochure says: “The BBC’s personnel policies are based on equal opportunities for all ... This applies to ... opportunity for training | it seems from where I’m standing. Even the BBC is a culprit | I’m a victim of the sliding pay-scale. Employers | and promotion, irrespective of sex, marital status, creed, colour, race or ethnic origin, and the BBC is committed to the development and promotion of such equality of opportunity | Ageism is everywhere. It’s much more prevalent than sexism in the job market, or that’s how | can obtain a fresh 22-year-old graduate to train a lot cheaper than me. Yet I’m the ideal employee: stable, good-humoured, child-bearing behind me, looking for 25-plus years of steady pensionable employment |
Вопрос id:1320126 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | The armed services and police, perhaps, could think about strenuous aptitude and fitness tests rather than imposing | disappearing, of their incomes falling, of their homes being repossessed or being impossible to sell, of their families breaking up, of their networks of friendships disintegrating, have not been higher since the war | I’m a victim of the sliding pay-scale. Employers | can obtain a fresh 22-year-old graduate to train a lot cheaper than me. Yet I’m the ideal employee: stable, good-humoured, child-bearing behind me, looking for 25-plus years of steady pensionable employment | The British are increasingly at risk. The chances of their jobs | a blanket upper limit on entrants which is arbitrarily and variously fixed between 28 and 33. The administrative grade of the Civil Service assumes the rot sets in at 32. | Ageism is lagging behind | sexism, racism, and handicappism because even the oppressed seem to accept the discrimination |
Вопрос id:1320127 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | I’m a victim of the sliding pay-scale. Employers | sexism, racism, and handicappism because even the oppressed seem to accept the discrimination | Ageism is lagging behind | professions that would benefit from the maturity and stability the older entrant can bring. This is recognized by the Probation Service, for example, who welcome experienced adults looking for a second career | The public and private sectors are obsessed with attracting young high-flyers. Yet there are many | can obtain a fresh 22-year-old graduate to train a lot cheaper than me. Yet I’m the ideal employee: stable, good-humoured, child-bearing behind me, looking for 25-plus years of steady pensionable employment |
Вопрос id:1320128 Correspond the left and right parts Левая часть | Правая часть | On top of the long-standing concerns about the growing gap between rich and poor, there is an increasing awareness of a new range of risks that are bringing fresh | patterns of social distress and exclusion | The armed services and police, perhaps, could think about strenuous aptitude and fitness tests rather than imposing | a blanket upper limit on entrants which is arbitrarily and variously fixed between 28 and 33. The administrative grade of the Civil Service assumes the rot sets in at 32. | Unemployment and low pay are no longer the sole measures of inequality and lack of social well-being; with | the rise of new forms of casualized, temporary and contract forms of employment, even those on average incomes and above can become victims of pressures beyond their control |
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