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Some big organizations are often further divided into autonomous divisions, each with its ___ functional sections

Some business organizations have a hierarchy consisting of several levels ___ a clear line of command

Some businesses are organized as hierarchies, with a clear chain of command: a boss who has subordinates, who in turn have their own subordinates, and so ___

Some companies offering a large ___ of products or services might also be subdivided into autonomous divisions

Such an organization might also be divided ___. functional departments, such as production, finance, marketing, sales and personnel

Such teams are often not very good for decision-making, and they run the risk of relational ___., unless they are small and have a lot of self-discipline

The biggest difference between the old Apple, which was crazy, and the new Apple is anomie. People are ___

The continual reorganizations mean that nobody has long-___ responsibility for anything

The minus with reorgs is that they ___ to happen overnight, and many times they are handled by groups being demolished and people being told to go to Human Resources and find a new job at Apple

The sense is at Apple that if you don’t like where you are, don’t worry, because three to six months from now everything is going to be different

The sense of anomie – alienation, disconnectedness – at Apple is ___

They still require a definite leader, on whom their success probably ___.

A functional organization is ___, but there are two standard criticisms

A limited company has limited ___ and this is indicated by the letters ltd after its name

A lot of medium-___ companies in manufacturing and retailing are of this type

A lot of people in an organization have colleagues who help ___: for example, there might be an Assistant to the Marketing Manager

A private company is controlled by a ___ of Directors elected by the shareholders – one share, one vote

Choose the right preposition: ... the car business, the challenger actually advertises this fact: for many years Avis used the slogan ‘We’re number two. We try harder.’

Choose the right preposition: ...that business their assets were worth more than the companies’ market value

Choose the right preposition: If the product does not have a ‘unique selling proposition’ there is no reason ... anyone to buy it

Choose the right preposition: In that time a big wave of takeovers in the US created conglomerates – collections ... unrelated businesses combined into a single corporate structure

Choose the right preposition: Such companies might have been more efficient if liberated ... central management

Choose the right preposition: The perfect targets for such buyouts were companies with huge cash reserves that enabled the buyer to pay the interest ...the debt, or companies with successful subsidiaries that could be sold to repay the principal, or companies in fields that are not sensitive to a recession, such as food and tobacco

Choose the right preposition: There was little risk ... making a loss with a buyout, as the debts incurred were guaranteed by the companies’ assets

Choose the right preposition: This is the case in local and central government and ___ the publicly owned industries. Such unionisation brings some benefits and some disadvantages to the organisation

Choose the right preposition: Also, one indication that the people who warn against takeovers might be right is the existence ...leveraged buyouts

Choose the right preposition: Any company will lose its investment if a raider tries to break it up as soon ...its share price falls below expectations

Choose the right preposition: But... the other hand, the permanent threat of a takeover or a buyout is clearly a disincentive to long-term capital investment

Choose the right preposition: Challengers can either attempt to attack the leader, or to increase their market share ... attacking various market followers

Choose the right preposition: Disputes and grievances are often dealt with by joint consultative committees (to compose) of representatives from management and workers

Choose the right preposition: It's clear that the majority of companies ... any industry are merely market followers which present no threat to the leader

Choose the right preposition: Lazy companies that fail to do this will be taken over ... raiders who will use assets more efficiently, cut costs, and increase shareholder value

Choose the right preposition: perhaps membership of trade unions is no longer confined ___ workers in produc­tion, but extends to cover office workers, computer staff and even supervisors and managers

Choose the right preposition: Small companies are generally flexible and can quickly respond to market conditions, but their narrow range ...customers causes problematic fluctuations in turnover and profit

Choose the right preposition: Such managements have learnt a lesson ___ the experience of an American company which lost control to its work-force through the issue of shares with voting rights as bonuses, where the numbers of shares subsequently held by workers exceeded those held by the original owners

Choose the right preposition: Some market followers concentrate on market segmentation: finding a profitable niche in the market that is not satisfied by other goods or services, and that offers growth potential or gives the company a differential advantage because ... its specific competencies

Choose the right preposition: The market could understand data concerning companies’ earnings, but it was highly inefficient ...valuing assets, including land, buildings and pension funds

Choose the right preposition: There is often also a distinct market challenger, ... the second largest market share

Choose the right preposition: They are vulnerable ... a recession when, largely for psychological reasons, distributors, retailers and customers all prefer to buy from big well-known suppliers

Choose the right preposition: Their supporters argue that the permanent threat ... takeovers is a challenge to company managers

Choose the right preposition: That theory argues that stock markets are efficient, meaning that all relevant information about companies is built ... their share prices

Choose the right preposition: Then he created a huge and liquid market ... up to 300 billion dollars

Choose the right preposition: Then later it became clear that many ... these conglomerates consisted of too many companies and not enough synergy

Choose the right preposition: We believe that a market follower which does not establish its own niche is ... a vulnerable position

Choose the right preposition:After the recession time there were many large companies ... the US stock market with good earnings but low stock prices

Choose two possible answers: Your ___ or accountant can help you make the right choice

Choose two possible answers: it means your ___will affect daily operations of the business, the taxes to be paid and the degree of liability of the entrepreneur and of any partners he may have

Choose two possible answers: So, you can ___groups and end up not knowing anyone

Choose two possible answers: They suppose it is important to choose the legal form that will enable your business to ___, while taking into consideration the activities to be carried on

Choose two possible answers: To choose the legal structure of the business is a ___ step in the decisions you will have to make