Список вопросов базы знаний

Complete the sentence: This is because one of the primary uses of constitution is self-justification; we constitute the world so as to make sense of it, and to

Complete the sentence: This model isn’t necessarily wrong as much as it is overly simplistic, and leaves out important relationships. The first of these stems

Complete the sentence: Through such acts meaning is given to otherwise meaningless physical events. The constitution of value operates in essentially the same way, except that, rather than meaning being associated with things, value is. Such constituting acts are the foundation of our judgments concerning what is and isn’t important; we constitute some things as having value, and other things as valueless. And what we

Complete the sentence: Thus we would be happy, because all our desires would be fulfilled. But if things were really this easy there would be no problem of happiness, people would have figured it out for themselves already. One problem is that,

Complete the sentence: What distinguishes the things desires pull us towards from those that they push us away from is the constitution of value. The constitution of value is a way of describing how we create value in the world. Or, in other words,

Complete the sentence: What makes changing one a better idea than changing the other? And, more importantly, it is obvious that this approach aims for mere consistency. But why suppose that every philosophical deficiency gives rise to contradiction? Is it

Complete the sentence: What this shows is that some desires produce pleasure while others don’t. There must be some feature that is the cause of this division. This mysterious feature,

Complete the sentence: Which in turn may eventually lead us to put more effort into acquiring it, which will in turn increase our estimation of its value. Thus for anything which we are not hard-wired to find pleasure in there is a correlation between how

Complete the sentence: Why don’t I have a positive desire towards hunger and a negative desire away from what I now consider my favorite food? Is it something in the things themselves? It doesn’t seem likely since

Complete the sentence: It is exceedingly difficult to constitute something as valuable which causes us pain,

Define the sentence: Because even if we live in a deterministic universe it doesn’t make any difference to us.

Define the sentence: But how are desires connected to pleasurable feelings?

Define the sentence: But in the process of doing so I have been playing that game which I despise so much, namely pretending that scientific findings have some bearing on this issue.

Define the sentence: But neither does this mean that I must take them to have free will of this sort.

Define the sentence: But we want to know what it is about a desire that produces happiness.

Define the sentence: Consider some very simple desires, such as the desire to stretch your legs when they are cramping up.

Define the sentence: Does fulfilling every desires produce pleasure?

Define the sentence: Does fulfilling this desire make you happy?

Define the sentence: I don’t know all the relevant physical facts about previous states of the universe – in fact I can’t know them – and thus I will never be in a position to be able to predict with complete accuracy the choices of other people.

Define the sentence: I have been pretending they have some bearing to show that, even under all the assumptions made by the advocates of this sort of free will, even assuming it was Newtonian physics that was the biggest obstacle to this sort of free will (which it isn’t, since, again, philosophy is independent from scientific theories), it still cannot be justified by appeals to quantum physics.

Define the sentence: In other words, as far as I am able to know there will never be any contradiction in taking myself and others to have free will of the “uncaused cause” sort, even if such a thing is physically impossible.

Define the sentence: It emphasizes their “radical freedom”, their ability to make choices that go against everything that they have previously done and said.

Define the sentence: Now I am going to stop playing that game – I’m going to stop being a bad role model – and describe how this sort of free will can be argued for and against independently of scientific theories.

Define the sentence: Now we can return to the naïve answer to the problem of happiness, which was that happiness comes from pleasure, which comes from getting what we want.

Define the sentence: Philosophically we have a choice, we are faced with the question: “what is the best way to conceive of the ability of ourselves and others to make choices?”

Define the sentence: The forces behind them are irrelevant from a philosophical perspective.

Define the sentence: The question of free will is really one of how we choose understand the choices that we make and that others make, not the forces behind them (how we choose to constitute them).

Define the sentence: The “uncaused cause” conception of free will emphasizes the randomness and unpredictability of people’s choices.

Define the sentence: We know from experience that they are connected, that is not in question.

Define the sentence: Everything I have said so far has been a negative claim; I have been arguing that an appeal to physics, even quantum physics, cannot justify this sort of free will.

Define if the sentence is grammatically correct.

A) "I will show you the way, Mr. Hubbard, if you will kindly follow me. Or perhaps you had better go in front. I am afraid it is right at the top of the house. We will go up by the front staircase, as it is wider."

B) He held the door open for them, and they passed out into the hall and began the ascent.

Подберите правильный ответ

Define if the sentence is grammatically correct.

A) Gradually white fingers creep through the curtains, and they appear to tremble.

B) In black fantastic shapes, dumb shadows crawl into the corners of the room and crouch there.

Подберите правильный ответ

Define if the sentence is grammatically correct.

A) Outside, there is the stirring of birds among the leaves, or the sound of men going forth to their work, or the sigh and sob of the wind coming down from the hills and wandering round the silent house, as though it fear to wake the sleepers and yet must needs call forth sleep from her purple cave.

B) Veil after veil of thin dusky gauze lifted, and by degrees the forms and colours of things are restored to them, and we watch the dawn remaking the world in its antique pattern.

Подберите правильный ответ

Define if the sentence is grammatically correct.

A) The elaborate character of the frame had made the picture extremely bulky, and now and then, in spite of the obsequious protests of Mr. Hubbard, who had the true tradesman's spirited dislike of seeing a gentleman doing anything useful, Dorian puts his hand to it so as to help them.

B) "Something of a load to carry, sir," gasp the little man when they reached the top landing. And he wiped his shiny forehead.

Подберите правильный ответ

Define if the sentence is grammatically correct.

А) "Stop, Basil. You are talking about things of which you know nothing," said Dorian Gray, biting his lip, and with a note of infinite contempt in his voice.

В) The middle classes air their moral prejudices over their gross dinner-tables, and whisper about what they call the profligacies of their betters in order to try and pretend that they are in smart society and on intimate terms with the people they slander.

Подберите правильный ответ

Define if the sentence is grammatically correct.

А) I know you and Harry are inseparable.

B) Surely for those reason, if for none other, you should not have made his sister's name a by-word.

Подберите правильный ответ

Define if the sentence is grammatically correct.

А) In this country, it were enough for a man to have distinction and brains for every common tongue to wag against him.

В) One has a right to judge of a men by the effect he has over his friends. Подберите правильный ответ

Define if the sentence is grammatically correct.

А) The flameless tapers stand where we had left them, and beside them lies the half-cut book that we had been studying, or the wired flower that we had worn at the ball, or the letter that we had been afraid to read, or that we had read too often.

В) Out of the unreal shadows of the night come back the real life that we had known. Подберите правильный ответ

Define if the sentence is grammatically correct.

А) We has to resume it where we had left off, and there steals over us a terrible sense of the necessity for the continuance of energy in the same wearisome round of stereotyped habits, or a wild longing, it may be, that our eyelids might open some morning upon a world that had been refashioned anew in the darkness for our pleasure, a world in which things would have fresh shapes and colours, and be changed, or have other secrets, a world in which the past would have little or no place, or survive, at any rate, in no conscious form of obligation or regret, the remembrance even of joy having its bitterness and the memories of pleasure their pain.

В) It was the creation of such worlds as these that seemed to Dorian Gray to be the true object, or amongst the true objects, of life; and in his search for sensations that would be at once new and delightful, and possess that element of strangeness that is so essential to romance, he would often adopt certain modes of thought that he knew to be really alien to his nature, abandon himself to their subtle influences, and then, having, as it were, caught their colour and satisfied his intellectual curiosity, leave them with that curious indifference that is not incompatible with a real ardour of temperament, and that, indeed, according to certain modern psychologists, is often a condition of it.

Подберите правильный ответ

Define the sentence:

Such a view is a compatibilist view, because it entails that the question of whether we have free will is independent of whether the universe is deterministic.

Define the sentence: The first is a specific kind of physical laws, where each initial state has only a single possible successor state at any given future time.

Define the sentence: The first is philosophically irrelevant because it is a purely scientific matter concerning what the best mathematical model for describing observed events is.

Define what syntactic role the underlined word plays in the sentence: This means, for example, that ontological materialism is incompatible with an ethical theory that limits ethical agency to entities with minds. Such a theory is committed to a substantial divide between the mental and the physical, inasmuch as ethics is only relevant to one of the two.

Complete the sentence: And if it is the second then this option reduces to the third strategy; I own something only if I think that I own it. And so we are

Complete the sentence: Because ownership, unlike possession, cannot be defined in purely physical terms we are faced with three possible strategies for defining it. First, ownership could be a matter of convention, such that to own something is to have ownership of it according to some rules (the conventions), which

Complete the sentence: Finally, ownership could be

Complete the sentence: For this to be a meaningful definition of ownership we must pin down which conventions, exactly, determine what I own. And to do that there are two natural possibilities: the prevailing conventions or those that I

Complete the sentence: In other words, one must have the ability to be

Complete the sentence: It is quite possible to possess something that you do not own, and to lack possession over something that you do own; if it

Complete the sentence: Let me begin this piece by introducing two technical terms, guzen and hitsuzen. Both are stolen from Japanese, and