Список вопросов базы знаний

Верно ли указан тип предложения?

A) According to Quine, a theory is committed to those and only those entities that in the last analysis serve as the values of its bound variables. - сложное

B) Thus ordinary first-order theory commits one to an ontology only of individuals (particulars), whereas higher order logic commits one to the existence of sets–i.e., of collections of definite and distinct entities (or, alternatively, of properties and relations). - сложное

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Верно ли указан тип предложения?

A) Although no UAVs are flying at the Farnborough Air Show near London this week (they are generally not allowed to operate in commercial airspace, at least not yet) they lurk among the chalets and static aircraft displays as a harbinger of what is to come. - сложное

B) It is a natural progression, reckons Mr Walby. He would take off and steer his U-2 to the destination and bring it back again, while others on the ground operated remotely the mass of sensors on the aircraft. - сложное

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Верно ли указан тип предложения?

A) Because one of the basic concepts of first-order logic is that of existence, as codified by the existential quantifier “("x),” one might suppose that there is little room left for any separate philosophical problem of existence. - сложное

B) Yet existence, in fact, does seem to pose a problem, as witnessed by the bulk of the relevant literature. - простое

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Верно ли указан тип предложения?

A) But tourists who came here, say, 20 years ago, tend to delight in the sleeker look of the place, the surprisingly efficient and still friendly service, the far better quality and variety of goods in the markets, and the fact that some taxis now actually have functioning meters. - сложное

B) The new World Bank-funded, Turkish-built terminal at Cairo International airport is as blandly functional as Cincinnati’s or Stockholm’s. - сложное

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Верно ли указан тип предложения?

A) Gone are the sweaty officials and greasy baggage handlers of yore, the taxi touts and shoving crowds. - простое

B) A businessman arriving here may be whisked in an Egyptian-built car to the cigar bar at one of Cairo’s dozens of swish hotels–perhaps one at City Stars, a commercial complex on the scale and in the style of Las Vegas. - сложное

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Верно ли указан тип предложения?

A) In many modern aircraft it is the on-board computers that actually “fly” the plane, with the pilot giving instructions through his controls. - сложное

B) With a UAV, the pilot sits in a control room in California, liaising with others, including air-traffic control and commanders on the ground it is flying over–which could be on the other side of the world. - сложное

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Верно ли указан тип предложения?

A) Likewise, if bound first-order variables are assumed to range over sets (as they do in set theory), a commitment to the existence of these sets is incurred. - сложное

B) The doctrine that an ontology of individuals is all that is needed is known as (the modern version of) nominalism. - простое

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Верно ли указан тип предложения?

A) Or perhaps to another fancy hotel in one of the burgeoning gated exurbs in the desert, surrounded by the lavishly watered greenery of a designer golf course. - сложное

B) There, the talk will be of beach houses and yachts on the Red Sea, of hot stocks on the Cairo exchange, and of Egypt’s delightfully low-cost labour. - простое

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Верно ли указан тип предложения?

A) Other UAVs, especially small ones, can be programmed to complete a mission with little or no instructions from the ground. - сложное

B) TRAVELLING into Cairo, Egypt’s monster-sized but curiously intimate capital, it is hard to tell if these are the best of times or the worst. - простое

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Верно ли указан тип предложения?

A) Some issues are relatively easy to clarify. - простое

B) It is a straightforward matter, however, to dispense with these presuppositions. - простое

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Верно ли указан тип предложения?

A) The opposite view is known as (logical) realism. - сложное

B) Even those philosophers who profess sympathy with nominalism find it hard, however, to maintain that mathematics could be built on a consistently nominalistic foundation. - сложное

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Верно ли указан тип предложения?

A) The precise import of Quine's criterion of ontological commitment, however, is not completely clear. - сложное

B) Nor is it clear in what other sense one is perhaps committed by a theory to those entities that are named or otherwise referred to in it but not quantified over in it. - сложное

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Верно ли указан тип предложения?

A) The “predicate of existence” just mentioned recalls Quine's criterion of ontological commitment. - сложное

B) “To be is to be a value of a bound variable” – i.e., of the x in ($x) or in ("x). - сложное

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Верно ли указан тип предложения?

A) Though this seems to involve the procedure, branded as inadmissible by many philosophers, of treating existence as a predicate, this can nonetheless be easily done on the formal level. - простое

B) The interest in the notion of existence is connected with the question of what entities a theory commits its holder to or what its “ontology” is. - простое

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Верно ли указан тип предложения?

A) Visitors who have long known the city are in two minds. - простое

B) Egyptian expatriates returning home are liable to cringe at the worse-than-ever traffic, the ever-louder noise, the fervid religiosity, and what they often bemoan as a new aggressiveness that spoils their nostalgia for a sweeter, cheerier Egypt. - простое

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) I certainly do not consider Statistical Decision to be a panacea. - местоимение

B) It is one method among many methods of reaching decisions. - существительное

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) As larger firms hired professional managers, many aspiring professionals turned to graduate schools rather than apprenticeships to learn their craft. - существительное

B) Increasingly, specialized colleges rather than on-the-job training became the key entry point for professional and managerial careers. - существительное

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) By some estimates, the finance industries bought about 30% of the computer hardware in the United States in the 1980s. - предлог

B) During the last three decades, computer use has spread to virtually every kind of workplace, although large firms are still the dominant investors in computer-based systems. es through the introduction of numerically controlled machine tools and industrial robots. - союз

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) By the 1930s and 1940s, many manufacturers devised electromechanical machines to help manipulate, sort and tally specialized paper records automatically. - наречие

B) Some of the more expensive pieces of equipment, such as specialized card-accounting machines, were much more affordable and justifiable in organizations that centralized their key office activities. - предлог

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) Filing systems were relatively makeshift, and there weren't standardized sizes of forms such as 3 x 5" cards or letter-size paper. - существительное

B) Clerical work was a man's job, and was a common route for learning a business and becoming a potential owner. - существительное

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) However, there now appears to be a small army of sociologists – the 'media theorists' – whose principal activity is to pour cold water on this notion. прилагательное

B) They tell us that what counts as 'news' is in fact the end product of a very selective social process. - местоимение

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) In presenting the news they stick scrupulously to the facts, recording events without bias or favour. - существительное

B) Judgement on the facts is reserved for the editorial columns. - наречие

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) In recording some events and suppressing others, as well as in the moral vocabulary employed in the manufacture of news, certain biases and preconceptions are quietly at work. - наречие

B) What purports to be an impartial recitation of factual events is thus a thoroughly loaded presentation. - существительное

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) In the early twentieth century, the technologies and organization of office work underwent substantial change. - существительное

B) Firms began to adopt telephones and typewriters, both of which had been recently invented. - существительное

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) It is not necessarily the best method; there are situations in which intuitive procedures lead to more effective decisions than any existing Decision-Maker. - глагол

B) In fact, I think that most people must have already used many of the principles in making their decisions. - наречие

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) Our twentieth century economy has been marked by the rise of human service jobs, in areas such as banking, insurance, travel, education, and health. - существительное

B) And many of the earliest commercial computer systems were bought by large service organizations such as banks and insurance companies. - глагол

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) Since offices are the predominant site of computerization, it is helpful to focus on offices in examining the role that these systems play in altering work. - прилагательное

B) Today, the management of farms and factories is frequently supported with computer systems in their offices. - существительное

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) The puzzle is only partly resolved when it becomes apparent that Weber's demands on this score were rather modest and limited in scope. - существительное

B) All he really asked was that scholars should refrain from openly proclaiming their personal views on matters of social fact. - прилагательное

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) The question Weber never really faced up to was whether ethical neutrality could be violated unwillingly, despite the sociologist's willingness to abstain from openly proclaiming his own views. - наречие

B) His belief in the capacity of social scientists to "distinguish between empirical knowledge and value judgements" is not dissimilar to the belief of newspaper editors in their capacity to distinguish between news and comment. - глагол

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) While new equipment was often adopted to enhance the efficiency of offices, its use was tied to more widespread changes in the shape of organizations: the shifts in control to central administrators, and an increase in the number of jobs that were mostly being filled by women. - местоимение

B) Women began to work in offices as typewriter operators and clerks, and were typically viewed as short- term job-holders, working between school and marriage during their early to mid-twenties. - глагол

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Верно ли указана частеречная принадлежность выделенного слова?

A) You may have felt that such concepts as mathematical expectations were new and unfamiliar. - наречие

B) However, I am sure that you have had to make decisions on the basis of expectations, when you have had to combine probabilities and desirabilities (though you may not have used these names). - глагол

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Вставьте пропущенное слово

As far as Marx is concerned there is some ___and irreducible level of reality that is not a mere artefact of our own conceptual making.

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Hence his ___dictum that "…all science would be superfluous if the outward appearance and the essence of tilings directly coincided."

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Marx was inclined to distinguish between the ___appearances of reality and the essence of reality.

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Social ___does not possess a real essence because it is always capable of being constructed or represented in various different ways.

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Surface reality was never quite the ___as the deeper, underlying reality.

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Weber's ___on this is, again, noticeably different from that of Marx and Durkheim.

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What ___as social reality depends pretty much upon the conceptual apparatus through which we view it in the first place.

Укажите лексическое значение выделенного слова:

After all, central banks can still raise interest rates, no matter how big the monetary base is, and they also have ways of withdrawing the exceptional liquidity measures put in place during the crisis.

Укажите лексическое значение выделенного слова:

As Adam Posen of the Peterson Institute for International Economics notes in our forum, it “did not have a predictable or even large short-term result…

Укажите лексическое значение выделенного слова:

If anything, the record of quantitative easing in Japan should heighten worries of deflation.

Укажите лексическое значение выделенного слова:

The European Central Bank successfully “sterilised” its recent purchase of government bonds by enticing banks to deposit an offsetting amount of money with the central bank.

Укажите лексическое значение выделенного слова:

The Federal Reserve will start testing a similar system on June 14th.

Укажите лексическое значение выделенного слова:

They worry that this money, which today is largely being hoarded by the financial industry, will eventually be loaned out into the real economy, prompting prices to rise.

Укажите лексическое значение выделенного слова:

Yet this concern is probably overblown.

Укажите синтаксическую функцию выделенного слова:

America’s gap was larger in 1982, but inflation today is much lower.

Укажите синтаксическую функцию выделенного слова:

Fiscal policy is turning contractionary as America’s stimulus expires and much of Europe implements austerity measures.

Укажите синтаксическую функцию выделенного слова:

It has revised that estimate down since November in recognition of better-than-expected growth, especially in America.

Укажите синтаксическую функцию выделенного слова:

Monetarists downplay the output gap and focus instead on the vast amount of money that has been created as central banks buy bonds or extend loans to banks.

Укажите синтаксическую функцию выделенного слова:

But with underlying inflation below central banks’ targets in many countries, and dropping, expectations could move down instead.